英文翻译时要遵循什么规则

这个句子怎么可能有两个意思呢？！只一个意思，就是“在她旁边的那个男孩正在开一瓶罐头。”因为，beside her是一个省略了who is的定语从句，定语从句的which, who, what在某些情况下可以省去，定语从句是修饰主语的，作用等于形容词，所以主语还是The boy。我们在学习语法关于句子主干的时候，形容词副词之类的是可以剔除的，所以你看看剔除后是什么意思，那就是这个句子的中心意思，不要被定语从句迷惑。

her 是宾格 the boy是主格 所以主语是男孩，翻译的时候还是要分清主谓宾 先直译 再意译

都对，在日常生活中这种日常日语，无太多要求

要克服你的"中式"思维,美国人和中国人相反,通常喜欢定语后置,像你这句就是个典型.还有,要联系语境,不要一个词一个词翻译.多练习才能加强你的语感.

a.在她旁边的那个男孩正在开一瓶罐头。
b.男孩旁边的她正在开罐头.
这两个都正确。

翻译的几种基本方法

（一）词类转~化法

由于两种语言的差异，译文与原文在语法结构上不可能完全对等，翻译时需要转换词类，才能使译文通顺自然。词类转换有以下四种：
1．转化为动词
即有动作意味的名词、形容词、副词、介词翻译成汉语时常转换为动词。
The turning point of my life was my decision to give up a promising literature career and begin a business career instead. (名词decision转`化为动词)
译文：我生活的转折点是我决定弃文从商。

2．转化为名词
即名词派生的动词，名词转用的动词，部分形容词及副词译成汉语时常转换为名词。
The young man, who looks and talks like a film star, is Li Ming's brother.
(look & talk为派生动词转译为名词)

译文：那个年轻人是李明的哥哥，他的相貌言谈像一个明星。

3．转化为形容词
某些形容词派生的名词及副词译成汉语时需要转换为形容词。
We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem. (形容词派生的名词difficulty转译为形容词)
译文：我们发现解决这个复杂的问题是困难的。

4．形容词转化为副词
英译汉时，一些形容词可译为副词。
The delegation was given a warm welcome by the students. (warm译为副词)
译文：这个代`表团受到了学生热烈的欢迎。

（二）词义的引申
We should give tit of tat to them.
译文：我们应当与他们针锋相对。

（三）增译法
We are concerned about developing the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability.
译文：我们关心的是全面发展学生的各种能力，而不仅仅是发展智力。

（四）重复法
With his tardiness, carelessness and appalling good humor, we were sorely perplexed.
译文：他老是磨磨蹭蹭，马马虎虎，脾气有好得惊人，我们都对他毫无办法。

（五）省略法
Man must learn to walk before he can run.
译文：人在跑之前，必须先会走。

Winter vacation is the time when I am least busy.
译文：寒假我不忙。

（六）正反换译法
1.I prefer cooking at home instead of eating at a restaurant.
译文：我更喜欢在家做饭，而不是去餐馆吃。
2．The criminal was proved guilty beyond doubt.
译文：罪犯证明确实有罪。

（七）分译法
Heat is required to change ice to water.
译文：达到一定热量，冰就变成水。

（八）合译法
The moon had been up for a long time but he slept on.
译文：月亮上来很久，他还是睡不着。

（九）被动语态的翻译
1．依然译成被动句
Competition in business is regarded to be a means to earn money.
译文：商业竞争被认为是一种挣钱手段。

2．转译成主动句
A contingency plan was hastily drawn up.
译文：应急计划很快定出。

（十）从句的译法
1．主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句在翻译时可按英文的语序译成相对应的汉语。
What has happened is no surprise to us.
译文：发生的事对我们不奇怪。

2．定语从句的译法
Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot do everything instead of man.
译文：电子计算机有很多优点，但不能替代人们做一切事情。

3．状语从句的翻译
No matter what happens, she never gives up.
译文：不论发生什么事，她决不放弃。

（十一）长句的翻译
应注意切分，可采用顺序法，变序法和分译法处理。
1．顺序法
You very likely give other passengers a quick glance to size them up and to assure them that you mean to threat.
译文：你很可能迅速地瞥一眼其他乘客，以此来打量他们，并让他们确信你对他们没有威胁。

2．变序法
We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.
译文：我们对这种事实留下了极深的印象：即使是那些没有被告知病重的病人都很清楚其病情的可能结果。

3.分译法
Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the perFORMance of some top referees.
译文：在98年世界杯得主产生很久以后，失望的球迷们仍在咒骂那些有争议的裁判裁决，这些裁决使他们的球队与胜利无缘。一位研究人员被任命去研究那些定尖级裁判的行为。