静电喷墨的原理

2025-04-08 05:56:37
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

数字印刷 (Digital Printing),即使不能在短时间替代传统印刷,也将与传统并存互补。通常数字打印是指专业生产,印制商用印刷品与彩色打样。在这一前提下,速度、品质、经济,就成了考虑的要件,目前符合条件的有静电影印(Xerography)与喷墨 (Inkjet) 两大类。

静电影印俗称镭射,将小颗粒粉末(Toner)附着固定在纸上成像。打印程序各品牌虽有不同,原理都大同小异,将打印资料转换成小点后,以镭射光把小点扫瞄到一个旋转的滚筒上,滚筒以对光高度敏感材料制成,带正极静电,被镭射光扫到的部位转为负极静电,当滚筒转到粉末槽旁,粉末带正极静电,立即附着在镭射扫瞄的部位,即要打印的影像,一张带负极静电的纸在滚筒下方出现,所带电极强度,较镭射瞄到滚筒上的略大一些,于是滚筒上的粉末被吸到纸上,加热固定后,打印完成。这一流程单色走一次,彩色走四次(CMYK 四色粉末各走一个滚筒),但例外是 HP Indigo,四色仅用一个滚筒旋转四次。成像粉末非常小,通常是固体粉状,也有装在液体匣内的,HP Indigo 称为电墨(Electroink),先将液体墨附着纸上,然后转成固体薄膜。静电影印数字系统,以Canon、Heidelberg、HP Indigo、Konica Minolta、Océ、Ricoh、Xeikon、Xerox 为主要制造厂商。

喷墨打印以小滴墨水滴到纸上,组合成像,墨滴非常小,仅有 50-60 微米。滴墨的位置靠喷墨头 (Ink Head) 准确的精细移动,用多个不同彩色的墨水匣,打印出全色彩影像。喷墨技术有两种:按需滴墨 (Drop On-Demand)、与连续喷墨 (Continuous Inkjet),早期以连续喷墨为主,喷嘴按一定规律不断滴墨,如果不需要印到纸上,则以静电方式弹开,回收到墨水槽。这种方式效率不高,以后发展出的按需滴墨技术,喷墨头走到需要打印的地方才滴墨。

滴墨有两种控制方式;靠热力与靠震动。热力喷墨是靠一个小电阻的热量,使周围的墨水蒸发,产生一个气泡,气泡扩充压迫墨水从喷嘴滴出,滴出后气泡消失,从墨水槽再吸入新的墨水。这种方式产生气泡,俗称气泡喷墨 (Bubble Jet)。靠振动滴墨的技术,称为压电 (Piezoelectric) 技术,为 Epson 专利,把一个压电芯片放在喷墨嘴上方,对芯片加少许电流,产生振动,靠振动把墨水滴下。这两种按需喷墨技术虽广泛应用,但实际用在生产上仍以振动为主,气泡式则用在低档个人打印设备上。

喷墨打印设备以按需滴墨为主,喷墨头可更换标准组件。连续喷墨的喷墨头,由打印机制造厂商整体制造,应用的领域有两类:超高效率打印系统(Kodak Versamark),与超高彩色品质打印系统(Creo Iris)。按需滴墨的设备厂商,有 Agfa Dotrix、Durst、Inca Digital、Nur、Océ、Scitex Vision、Vutek 等。制造喷墨打印引擎供给宽幅打印设备用的,有 Canon、Encad、Epson、HP、Mutoh等厂商。按需滴墨技术灵活,墨滴大小靠不同的声音信号传给压电芯片,产生不同振动,制造出灰阶影像。

静电影印的数字印刷技术,较喷墨技术发展较慢,目前单色双机打印每分钟达1000页、彩色打印每分钟达140页,主要向个人用低价位设备发展,与低档喷墨设备竞争。在喷墨打印市场,在宽幅打印、高质彩色打印、与个人用打印,均占有一席之地,但是否能与静电影印主流设备竞争、替代,甚至与传统印刷一较长短,则仍要进一步研发来提升速度、提高品质与降低成本。

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