be more specific
They are wasting resources, for example, time, energy and money.”
上面这句话不错,只是转折词“for example”不妥当;应该这样:
“They are wasting resources. For example, they use too much time, energy and money.”
不然就要换一换转折词,改用“such as”或“like”:
“They are wasting resources, such as (or like) time, energy and money.”
不管任何语言,转折词(transitional words)都扮演着一个重要角色,就是:承先启后,使句子紧凑,段落相吸,对文章结构,有良性作用。但是有些人几乎没有采用转折词的习惯,结果文句松散,上下文七零八乱,应该避免。
现在把主要转折词,分类列下,供大家参考。
Ⅰ表示“尤有进者”的意思:
Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等,如:
① Jason teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot.
② English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology.
Ⅱ表示“反意见”:
But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等,如:
③ Jim is intelligent but lazy.
④ Singapore is not a big country.On the contrary, it is very small.
Ⅲ表示“困果关系”:
Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等,如:
⑤ Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy.
⑥ Tom did not work hard; hence, he failed.
Ⅳ表示“比较关系”:
Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等,如:
⑦ You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.
⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.
Ⅴ表示“举例示范”:
For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等,如:
⑨ There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".
Ⅵ表示“结束”:
To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等,如:
⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not.
Ⅳ表示“比较关系”:
Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等,如:
⑦ You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.
⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.
Ⅴ表示“举例示范”:
For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等,如:
⑨ There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".
Ⅵ表示“结束”:
To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等,如:
⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not.
建议你买一本 北京外语学院出版的《攻克雅斯80天》的写作版。
就算你不准备考雅斯,这里面的很多写作方法都非常实用。
1、使用与人不同的表达方式,特别是提倡打破汉语句子结构的束缚而重组的句子更受欢迎。
唐山曾在二十世纪八十年代发生过一次大地震。
A: There was a strong earthquake in Tangshan in the 1980s.
B: A terrible earthquake hit/struck Tangshan in the 1980s.
大多数同学使用了there be结构,这是对的,但是B句却摒弃了常见句式。另辟蹊径而使用了“主语+谓语+宾语”结构,且使用了terrible,hit/strike这样的词汇,更是难能可贵的。
你八月十五日的来信我今天早晨收到了。
A:I received your letter which was written on August 15th this morning.(多数人使用的方式)
B: Your letter of August 15th reached/ got to me this morning.(与多数人使用的方式不同,简洁)
使用一些强势句式,如强调句、感叹句、倒装句等,增强语句的表现力。如:
阿福救了我妹妹。
A: Ah Fu saved my sister.(一般句式)
B: It was Ah Fu that saved my sister.(强调句式)
我们看到庄稼和蔬菜长势喜人很是高兴。
A: We were glad to see crops and vegetables growing well.(一般陈述句)
B: How glad we were to see crops and vegetables growing well.(感叹句)
句式多样,复杂得体。在写作中应避免使用相同长度的相同句型,而应注意句式的变化,如长短句结合,简单句、并列句与复合句共用,还可使用简化句等;一些较复杂的结构如独立主格,分词结构等也可使用。下面的表达中A句简单句多,而且多处使用there be结构,显得单调、乏味,而B句就有自己的特色(请同学们自己分析)。
这是一套25平方米的住房,住房里面有卧室、有洗澡间、有厨房;卧室里有床、沙发、桌子和椅子等。 A: It's a flat of 25 square metres. There is a bedroom in the flat. There is a bathroom and a kitchen in it, too. In the bedroom, there is a bed; there is a sofa, a desk and a chair as well.
B: It's a flat of 25 square metres, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair.
我毕业后怎么选择(What I Choose to Do upon Graduation)
Upon graduating from the university, every student is faced with a big, practical problem, that is, to make a choice for his/her future career. However, the choice varies from person to person. Some students want to find jobs in joint ventures, desiring to earn more money. Many are preparing for entering the graduate school, so they work hard to pass the entrance examination.
Also, there are unambitious ones who are indifferent to the choice of career and think that any kind of job will satisfy their desire. Only a small number of students are at a loss what to choose. As to me, I am deter mined to further my studies abroad and I am fully supported by my parents.
I have many reasons for my choice. The fundamental one is that in a developed country I can enrich my mind with most advanced professional knowledge in my speciality. I believe that the more I learn, the better equipped I will be with modern knowledge, and the more probably I will succeed in my pursuit. Some people suggest that I work while studying. Well, that might be a good idea.
However, I would like to see more of the world when I am young, and I think three or four years' study will undoubtedly benefit my whole life. In addition, I am sure that I will certainly have more opportunities to get a satisfactory job in future with the profound knowledge I learn in graduate school abroad.
六级英语作文常用短语
economy and reform经济与改革
gnp (gross national product)国民生产总值
per capita人均
give incentive to鼓励
improve economic environment改善经济环境
rectify economic order整顿经济秩序
control inflation控制通货膨胀
invigorate enterprises搞活企业
poor management/poorly managed管理不善
primary/secondary/tertiary industry第一/第二/第三产业
foreign funded enterprises外资企业
joint venture合资企业
wholly foreign owned funded enterprises独资企业
living standard生活水平
industry 工业
fixed assets固定资产
sino-foreign joint venture中外合资企业
autonomy in operation经营自主
deficit亏空,赤字
economic strength经济实力
total industrial and agricultural output value工农业总产值
national economic system国民经济体系
to work for more and better economic result提高经济效益
national revenue国民收入
consumption level消费水平
foreign trade and special economic zones对外贸易和经济特区
interior areas内地
trading partner贸易伙伴
corporate income tax企业所得税
export/import duty出口/进口关税
to coordinate the development协调发展
to be approved by the state国家批准
balance of payment收支平衡
transnational corporation跨国公司
economic and technological development zone经济技术开发区
utilize foreign investment利用外资
direct foreign investment国外直接投资
to improve investment environment改善投资环境
technology and knowledge intensive project技术密集, 知识密集型项目
favorable/unfavorable trade balance 顺差/逆差
education教育
input in education教育投入
communal participation社会参与
enhance the moral awareness of提高……的思想品德
professional ethics 职业道德
credit system学分制
guarantee job assignments包分配
multi-disciplinary多学科的
key university重点大学
national expenditure on education 国家教育经费
account for…%占百分比
intercultural communication国际文化交流
equal stress on integrity and ability德才兼备
to become educated through independent study自学成材
compulsory education普及教育
preschool/elementary/secondary/higher/ education学前/初等/中等/高等教育
adult education成人教育
vocational and technical education职业技术教育
institutions of higher learning高等学校
in-service training course在职进修班
compulsory/optional course必修/选修课
record of formal schooling学历\
diploma文凭, 学历证明
vegetation coverage植覆盖
marine life海洋生物
discharge排放
to protect rare animals and plants保护珍稀动物和植物
wild animal/wild life野生动物
renewable/non-renewable resources可更新/不可更新资源
ecological balance生态平衡
natural reserve自然保护区
ecosystem生态系统
environmental pollution环境污染
integrated control of environmental pollution环境污染综合防治
afforestation植树造林
shelterbelt防护林带
soil erosion水土流失
desertification沙化
acid rain酸雨
foreign policies对外政策
cornerstone基石
reiterate重申
observe/abide by遵守
in compliance with照
open vast vistas开辟广阔的前景
confrontation对抗
to seek common grounds while reserving differences求同存异
friendly exchanges友好往来
nato北约
unesco联合国教科文组织
un联合国
opec世界石油输出国组织
apec亚太经合组织
wto世界贸易组织
imf国际货币基金组织
women and children妇女儿童
legal system法制
enact制定, 颁布
minor未成年人
self recognition对自我价值的认识
only child独生子女
self-centered?以自我为中心的
the elderly and the family?老人和家庭
life expectancy?预期寿命
to become common practice?蔚然成风
well-being幸福, 福利
respecting the old and loving the young尊老爱幼
population and family planning人口与计划生育
incentive?鼓励, 刺激
curb?限制, 抑制
consumption消费
institute设立, 制定
penalty惩罚
census人口普查
population density人口密度
densely/sparsely populated人口稠密/稀少
aging of population人口老化
family planning计划生育
to practice family planning实行计划生育
to curb population growth控制人口增长
to have fewer and but healthier children少生优生
baby boom生育高峰
environment protection环境保护
ecological生态的
prerequisite/precondition先决条件
sustain维持
exploit/develop开发, 利用
perspective观点, 看法
extinction(生物)灭绝
deteriorate恶化
urbanization都市化
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)
8)most important of all, moreover, finally
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)
2)转折(拐弯抹角) despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding
3)因果then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that
6)排比(排山倒海句) Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏)
七、 挑战极限原则 。既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀!原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如:The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪!
相似的比较:in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner
相反的比较:on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, …
换言之:in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply
(一)对立观点命题形式的首句:
1. Many people do not doubt that A is superior to B , while others think quite differently on the issue of _____. Personally, I stand on the side of A .
2. Some people say A , other people argue B . In a word , _____. But I cannot agree this point of view for many reasons.
3. There are different views concerning this topic . Some people like to CHOOSE A , some prefer to CHOOSE B . Personally , I prefer B . I think B has more advantages.
4. From my point of view , it is more advisable to CHOOSE A than to CHOOSE B . 5. Despite the fact that most people prefer A , I would like to choose B because the following reasons .
6. In general , I prefer to _____ .
7. As far as I am concerned , I would like to prefer _____ .
8. When it comes to _____ , most people tend to believe A . But others consider B as _____ .
9. When asked about _____ , the vast majority of people would support that A . But others regard B as _____ .
10. At the risk of address the issue too direct , I prefer A because I think that _____ .
11. When asked about _____ , many people give their opinions that _____ , but other people may see _____ differently .
12. When faced with _____ , quite a few would claim that _____ , but others , in contrast , deem _____ as _____ .
13. When inquired about _____ , the vast majority of people would like to _____ , but other people , who hold an opposite view , consider _____ as _____ .
14. When _____ is mentioned _____ , most people believe that _____ , but other people would rather think _____ as _____ .
15. While many people may stick to me idea that _____ , I would like to prefer _____ .
(二)单一观点式
A . Agree
1. One of the greatest writers once said that _____ . Now , it still has its significant realistic value .
2. I would follow the reasoning that _____ .
3. Many people advocate that _____ . They claim that _____ . My opinion is the same as theirs in the following reasons .
4. I totally agree with the statement that _____ . The reasons are presented below .
5. After pondering this question on many occasions , I finally reached the conclusion that _____ is something worthy to do and I cannot skip it .
6. my arguments for point are listed as follows.
7. I agree with the above statement because _____ .
8. Nowhere in the world has the issue of _____ been so much debated like in our society .
9. I agree with the statement that _____ without reservation because _____ . 10. Thinking logically , I can only say that the title statement is valid because _____ .
11. I fully support the statement above because I am very sure that _____ .
12. Some may hold the opinion that AAA . But others have a negative attitude . As far as I am concerned , I agree that _____ .
13. Many one have the idea that AAA . However , many others disagree with this argument . But both side of the problem whether _____ are supported by good reasons .
14. Recently , it has been much debated over the problem of AAA . Those who object to AAA announce that _____ . But those who favor AAA utter a sonorous voice that _____ .
15. Recently , there is vehement discussion on the issue of _____ . Those who criticize _____ argue that _____ . They claim that _____ . But people who firmly advocate _____ , on the other hand , argue that _____ .
16. There is a much-debated problem today about _____ . Those who object to _____ argue that _____ . They are very sure about _____ . But people who prefer _____ , on the other hand , claim that _____ .
B . Disagree
1. Until recently , _____ was viewed as _____ . But people are taking a fresh look at it .
2. Recently , we often hear about _____ . But is it ?
3. These days , it is often heard about _____ . But is this really the truth ?
4. I feel such an attitude is negative , and that it can bring _____.
5. Some people argue as if it is a general truth that _____ . But to be frank , I cannot agree with them for the flowing reasons .
6. Despite the fact that many people believe that _____ , I doubt whether the argument can bear much analysis .
7. Although some people hold the opinion that _____ , I wonder whether the argument could bear close examination .
8. In the nationwide , discussion , many people argue that _____ . But I can say nothing but _____ .
9. Advocates of AAA proclaim that _____ , but I _____ .
10. Until recently , _____ was regarded as _____ . But _____ .
11. Some people think that _____ , but I disagree with this opinion for numerous reasons , as presented below .
12. Now , it is increasingly mentioned that _____ . Such people think _____ . But I can only cast doubt on whether _____ .
13. Now , it is widely believed that _____ . These people think _____ . But I wonder if _____ .
14. I cannot totally the idea that _____ . Because , in my point of view , I believe _____ .
15. As a matter of fact , I support that _____ , but I cannot agree with the title statement .
16. Nowadays , it is widely held that _____ . People of this kind think _____ .But I doubt whether _____ .
结尾句:
1. Taking into account of all these factors , we may reach the conclusion that_____ .
2. All reliable evidences point to one saying , that is _____ .
3. For the reasons presented above , I strongly commit to the notion that _____ .
4. While it is true that _____ , I think that _____ .
5. Given the factors I have just outlined , I can only say that _____ .
6. This is not to say that _____ . But in terms of _____ , it is _____ .
7. Therefore , it is easy to draw the conclusion that _____ .
8. Recognizing the fact that _____ should drive us to conclude that _____ .
9. To put all into a nutshell , I _____ .
10. In a word , I support the statement that it is better to _____ because Good stuff! Wonder why there are so few hits.