文言文《魏书.宋弁传》原文及翻译

2024-12-19 20:06:01
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

【译文】
宋弁,字义和,广平列人人。祖宋..,与堂叔宋宣、博陵崔建都很出名。魏世祖时,历职中书博士、员外散骑常侍,出使江南,朝廷赐爵为列人子,还拜广平太守。兴安三年(454)去世,朝廷赠为安远将军、相州刺史,谥称惠。长子宋显袭其爵位。宋弁伯父宋世显没有子嗣,养弁为后。宋弁父宋叔珍,是李敷妹夫,因李敷的事情而死。

  宋弁才学俊杰,少有美名。高祖初年,曾经来到京师,见尚书李冲,交谈移日。李大觉惊异,退而言曰:“此人一日千里,是王佐之才。”宋显死后,宋弁袭其爵位。宋弁与李彪同乡,两人交情很好。李彪任秘书丞,宋弁自中散李彪推荐为著作佐郎后,不久又被任命为尚书殿中郎中。魏高祖曾在群臣朝会的时候,历访治国之道,宋弁年少官微,自下而对,声音容姿清亮,行止可观,高祖称赞了好长时间。因此宋弁大被皇上知遇,赐名宋弁,意取卞和献玉,楚王不知宝的典故。

  迁任中书侍郎,兼任员外郎,出使萧赜。萧赜的司徒萧子良、秘书丞王融等都称其美仪,认为志气刚烈不及李彪,而体韵和雅、举止闲适则超过了他。转任散骑侍郎,当时散骑位在中书之上。高祖曾与他讨论江南事宜,帝问宋弁说:“卿此番南行,入其堂奥,他们那边政道如何?兴亡气数能够知晓吗?”宋弁回答说:“萧氏父子无大功于天下,既以逆取,不能顺利守据。不理德政,徭役繁剧,内无股肱之助,外有怨叛之民,由臣看来,肯定不能遗福到孙子辈,保有南海。如果人们惧怕其威,最后他能保全性命就是庆幸了。”

  后来皇帝车驾南征,任命宋弁为司徒司马、曜武将军、东道副将。军队中有人盗窃马谺,给他抓起来斩杀示众,于是三军震动畏慑,无人再敢犯法。

  黄门郎崔光举荐宋弁代其官职,高祖不答应,但也欣赏崔光知人。没多久,任宋弁兼任黄门,不久正除,兼任司徒左长史。当时朝廷大选内外群官,并确定海内士族,宋弁充当铨量之任,处理事务十分恰当。但他好说别人隐私缺点,高门大族不与他交好的,宋弁都出言诋毁;至于那些旧族沦滞之人,只要他们不用忌惮的,又申荐他们。宋弁又任本州大中正,豪门姓族多被降抑,颇被时人怨愤。

  宋弁跟从皇驾南讨,帝诏宋弁在豫州都督部众及东荆州领叶,皆减戍士让他们经营农事,水陆兼作。迁任散骑常侍,不久迁任右卫将军,领黄门。宋弁屡屡陈求让职,高祖说:“朕想要你做的,卿不可推辞,哪能专守一官,而不帮助朕处理政务的?况且常侍是黄门中粗冗之职,领军只不过是二卫的假摄,不足以空存推让,以弃朕之大任。”其被皇帝知遇可见一斑。

  开始,高祖在北都选官,李冲参预很多,很是排抑宋氏。宋弁心恨李冲,而与李彪交结,雅相知重。及李彪冲撞李冲,李冲对李彪说:“你如狗一般,被人驱使。”但等到李冲弹劾李彪,终而没被治成大罪,宋弁从中出了力。李彪被除名为民,宋弁大相嗟叹感慨,暗暗决心报复。

  高祖在汝南得病,病重,前后十几天,不见侍臣,左右只有彭城王元勰等数人而已,稍稍转好,便引见门下以及宗室长幼诸人,进来的人未能尽其悲泣之节,宋弁独独进到御床边,欷..流泪说:“为臣没想到陛下圣颜如此的憔悴毁坏!”从此皇上更加器重他。帝车驾征讨马圈,留下宋弁以本官兼任祠部尚书,摄管七兵事务。临行时,皇上握着宋弁的手说:“国家大事,在于祭祀征战,所以朕让你总摄二曹,卿不能不自勉。”宋弁顿首辞谢。宋弁勤勉务公,早晚在衙,他受到的恩泽,同僚中无人可以赶得上,名重朝野,仅次于李冲。高祖经常说宋弁可任吏部尚书。等到驾崩时,遗诏让宋弁任吏部尚书,与咸阳王元禧等六人一起辅政,但弁已先去世,享年四十八岁。帝诏赐给他钱十万、布三百匹,赠官安东将军、瀛州刺史,谥称贞顺。

  宋弁生性喜欢自夸,自己往自己脸上贴金。高祖因郭祚家是晋、魏名门,从容对宋弁说:“卿理所当然地推举郭祚一门。”宋弁笑着说:“臣家未肯推举郭祚。”高祖说:“卿家自汉魏以来,既无高官,又无隽秀,凭什么不推郭祚?”宋弁说:“为臣清素自立,就是不推郭祚。”侍臣出去之后,高祖对彭城王说:“宋弁这个人本身并不坏,却偏偏要自矜家族门户,真是非常奇怪。”

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