1、作主语
不定式结构作主语时,现代英语倾向于采用it作形式主语,而把不定式结构后置的形式。
It’s easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了。
It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.当你不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。
2、作宾语
在下列动词后用不定式作宾语:
afford、agree、ask、decide、want、expect、hope、fail、happen、help、learn、mean、manage、offer、plan、promise、refuse、wish、forget、remember。
3、作宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点,学习时要注意以下三种情况:
作动词ask, like, tell等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to不可以省略。
He asked me to talk about English study. 他请我谈谈英语学习的问题。
作使役动词let、have、make以及感官动词feel、hear、see、watch等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to要省略。
The teacher made him say the word like this. 老师让他像这样说这个单词。
作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to可以带,也可以不带。
Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box? 你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗?
4、作定语
不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。
After he finished college, he had a lot of jobs to choose.大学毕业之后,他有许多工作可选。
5、作状语
动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中用作状语。
放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。
He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息。
跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面。
I’m sorry to hear that. 听到这事我感到很难过。
用在too...to...结构中
He is too young to understand it. 他太年轻,理解不了这件事。
扩展资料
动词不定式的特点:
1、没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。
2、动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语可构成动词不定式短语。
如: to read a book、to sing at the party。
3、动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
带to的不定式结构:
我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want、ask、 tell、hope、 learn、try、decide、forget、remember、like 、 love、 stop、go、come等。
不带to的不定式结构:
1、在固定词组had better之后。
注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth
例如:You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。
2、在let、make、see、 feel、 watch、 hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
例如:I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。
3、在引导疑问句的why not之后。
“Why not+不带to的不定式”是“Why don’t you do…”的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。
例如: Why not go with us? 为什么不和我们一起去呢?
Why not take a holiday? =Why don’t you take a holiday? 为什么不休假呢?
1、疑问词
疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如:
①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主语)
②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做宾语)
③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做直接宾语)
④The question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表语)
以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式。如:①When we shall leave…③…how I
could learn……
经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。
2、作表语
不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。
①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.
当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一是条件,一是结果(例①)。当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组(例②)时,或以what引导的名词性分句(例③),不定 式说明主语的内容。
④Our work is serving the people.
⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper.
⑥The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting.
④⑤句动名词作表语,与主语部分可以转换,如Serving thepeople is our work,而⑥句中是现在分词作表语,说明主语的性质、状态,现在分词具有形容词的各种特征,另外,动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开来。
扩展资料:
动名词:
一、 动名词可以保留原动词的各种用法,例如可以带宾语、表语、状语等。
例 They run into constant discrimination in trying to find a job or a friend.
在寻找工作和结交朋友方面,他们不断遇到歧视。
其作用:动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语,但是不能作补语。
参考资料来源:百度百科-动名词
参考资料来源:百度百科-动词不定式
1. 不定式定义:由to+动词原形构成。
不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,可分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。
2.用途:
在句中不能作谓语。它具有动词的性质,本身可以带宾语和状语。
【动词不定式】
1.定义:动词 + 不定式
2.用途:
动词不定式在句中可以作句子任何成分。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
[编辑本段][动词不定式的时态、语态]
动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性
动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为 逻辑主语,其形式如下:
主动形式 被动形式
一般式 (not) to make (not) to be made
完成式 (not) to have made (not) to have been made
进行式 (not) to be making
完成进行式 (not) to have been making
(1)语态
如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如:
It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主语)
It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主语)
I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作宾语)
Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定语)
He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作状语)
在There be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。如:There are still many things to t ake care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
(2)时态
1) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3) 进行时: 表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.
4) 完成进行时:
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
[编辑本段][疑问词+不定式结构]
疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如:
①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主语)
②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做宾语)
③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做间接宾语)
④The question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表语)
以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式。如:①When we shall leave…③…how I
could learn…
经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。
[编辑本段][动词不定式的语法功能]
一、作主语
动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:
(1)把不定式置于句首。如:
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如:
①It+be+名词+to do
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
②It takes sb+some time+to do
How long did it take you to finish the work?
③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour.
④It+be+形容词+of sb+to do
It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.
⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do
(一)动词不定式的特征及用法
1.动词不定式的构成及特征
“to
+动词原形”构成动词不定式,是一种非谓语形式,在句子中不能作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。
2.动词不定式的用法
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。
1.
作主语
例如:To
learn
English
well
is
not
easy.
或
It
is
not
easy
to
learn
English
well.
动词不定式作主语时,往往用it作形式主语,这种句型可归纳为下面的句型:
It
is
+
adj.+
动词不定式
如果要说明不定式的动作执行者,可以用for
It
is
+
adj.+
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
2.
作表语
My
wish
is
to
become
a
teacher.
3.
作宾语
Most
of
us
like
to
watch
football
matches.
4.
作宾语补足语
He
told
me
to
be
here
on
time.
5.
作定语
I
have
nothing
to
say
about
that
thing.
6.
作状语
He
stopped
to
have
a
look.
3.动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定形式not
+
to
+
动词原形
例如:
He
asked
me
not
to
make
such
a
mistake.
4.动词不定式与疑问词连用
疑问代词who,
what,
which和疑问副词when,
where,
how,
why等后面可以接动词不定式,构成动词不定式短语,可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
例如:(1)
He
doesn’t
know
how
to
use
the
machine.
(不定式作宾语)
(2)
How
to
use
the
machine
is
a
question.
(不定式作主语)
(3)
The
question
is
when
to
go
there.
(不定式作表语)
不定式定义:由to+动词原形构成。不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,可分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。“动词不定式”由动词+不定时构成。动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
一、
不定式被动式的用法
不定式到底用主动形式还是被动形式,往往取决于句子的意思,即意思上为主动就用主动形式,意思上为被动就用被动形式:
Did
it
need
to
be
done
so
soon?
这事需要这么快就做吗?
She
can’t
bear
to
be
laughed
at.
她受不了被人嘲笑。
There
was
business
to
be
taken
care
of.
有生意要人管理。
It
remains
to
be
seen
whether
you
are
right.
你是否正确,以后见分晓。
There
was
a
lot
of
rubbish
to
be
got
rid
of.
有大量垃圾需要扔掉。
二、
不定式完成被动式的用法
不定式的完成被动式表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作:
I’m
pleased
to
have
been
given
this
opportunity.
给了我这次机会我很高兴。
It’s
said
to
have
been
built
in
the
Ming
dynasty.
据说它是明朝修建的。
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