什么是航道?

2025-03-23 22:20:27
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

航道是指沿海、江河、湖泊、运河内船舶、排筏可以通航的水域。航道由可通航水域、助航设施和水域条件组成。
通航水域
就术语的含义而言,船舶及排筏可以通达的水面范围都是通航水域,则沿海、江河、湖泊、水库、渠道和运河内可供船舶、排筏在不同水位期的通航水域即为航道。
要明确界定通航水域,首先要明确船舶和排筏的含义。在《中华人民共和国海上交通安全法》中指明船舶“是指各类排水或非排水船、筏、水上飞机、潜水器和移动式平台”;在《中华人民共和国内河交通安全管理条例》中则规定船舶“是指各类排水或非排水的船艇和移动式平台”。前者将排筏列入船舶的范围,后者则未作这样的明文规定。船舶种类很多,有大有小,其作为水上运载工具的属性是相同的,但不同类别和大小的船舶其功能相异。具有能让营运船舶和大中型排筏通达条件的水域定为有真正意义的通航水域,当然,这类水域同样可供小艇和小排筏通行。
航道
广义上必须把航道理解为水道或河道整体,它可以不包括堤防和整个河漫滩,但不能不包括常遇洪水位线以下的基本河槽或者是中高潮位以下的沿海水域。
航道的狭义理解等同于“航槽”。因为航道应当有尺度标准和设标界限,航道位置可以随河床演变或水位变动而随时移动,航道尺度也可以随季节与水位变化以及治理工程的实施而有所调整。除了运河、通航渠道和某些水网地区的航道以外,航道宽度总是小于河槽的宽度。在天然河流、湖泊、水库内,航道的设定范围总是只占水面宽度的一部分而不是全部。用航标标示出的可供船舶航行利用的这一部分水域,受到客观自然条件的制约。在天然条件下,不同水位期能供船舶安全通航的那一部分水域,既有尺度要求,也有水流条件的要求。在某些特定的航段内,还受到过河建筑物如桥梁、过江管道、缆线的限制。因此,狭义的航道是一个在三维空间尺度上既有要求、又有限制的通道。

回答2:

“航道设施”是指航道的助航、导航、绞滩和通信设施、整治建筑物、航运梯级、过船建筑物(指船闸、升船机、水坡、航运渡槽和隧洞)、航道水文监测设施、航道测量标志、航道段(站)房、航道工程船舶基地和其他航道工程设施’ “与通航有关的设施”是指对航道的通航条件有影响的闸坝、桥梁、渡槽、架空电线、水下电缆、管道、隧道、码头、驳岸、栈桥、护岸矶头、滑道、房屋、涵洞、抽(排)水站、固定渔具、贮木场等拦河、跨河、临河建筑物和其他工程设施。

回答3:

通船的水路

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