民事诉讼证据有哪些分类?

2025-03-01 00:29:47
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

1、书证;2、物证;3、视听材料;4、证人证言;5、当事人的陈述;6、鉴定结论;7、勘验笔录。以上证据必须查证属实,才能作为认定事实的依据。

回答2:

民事诉讼证据的法定分类,主要有书证、物证、视听资料、证人证言、鉴定结论、当事人陈述、勘验笔录等。 1 书证,是指以文字、符号、图案等表示的内容来证明案件待证事实的书面材料。 (1)书证最重要的特点在于:书证以文字、符号、图案表达的思想内容证明案件事实。 (2)向人民法院提交书证,应提交原件,提交原件确有困难的,可以提交复印件、照片、副本、节录本等;提交外文书证的,必须附有中文译本 (3)书证的证据效力。书证具有证据力,须满足两个条件:一是书证本身是真实的,二是书证所表达的内容对待证事实能够起到证明作用。 2 物证,是指以其存在的外形、特征、质量、性能等来证明案件待证事实的物品。 (1)物证的本质特征在于以其物理形态来证明案件事实,而不是其包含的思想内容; (2)常见的物证有:损坏赔偿案件中所涉及的被损坏物,产品质量纠纷案件中发生质量争议 的产品等; (3)向人民法院提交物证,应提交原件,提交原件确有困难的,可以提交复制品或照片。 3 视听资料,是指录音带、录像带或者电脑所贮存的数据资料等作为证明案件事实的证据。虽然视听资料有类似于书证与物证之处,但是,视听资料不同于书证、物证的核心在于,视听资料作为证据使用需要借助于一定的仪器来揭示证明力,如借助录音机听录音带所录制的内容,借助电脑看电脑或者软盘中所记载的内容等。 4 证人证言 (1)证人的资格 凡是知道案件情况的单位和个人,都有义务出庭作证。证人不存在回避问题,证人即使和当事人有特殊关系,也不需要回避。 (2) 证人作证 A 根据《证据规定》第57条,出庭作证的证人应当客观陈述其亲身感知的事实。证人作证时,不得使用猜测、推断或者评论性的语言。 B 根据《证据规定》第58条,证人不得旁听法庭审理;询问证人时,其他证人不得在场。人民法院认为有必要的,可以让证人进行对质。 C 证人具有不可替代性。与当事人有亲属关系和其他密切关系的人如果了解案件事实,可以作为证人出庭作证,但他们所提供的对该当事人有利的证言,可信度和证明力较低,一般低于其他证人提供的证言。 5 鉴定结论,当事人申请鉴定,应当在举证期限内提出。

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