推荐回答(1个)
扬子桥,最早称扬子津,历史上颇负盛名,起于晋,兴于南朝,盛于隋唐,距今近1700年。
扬子桥变迁
公元前486年,东周春秋时期,吴王夫差为北上伐齐,筑邗城,开邗沟时,蜀冈以下还是烟波浩渺的长江。据初步探索,此段长江因在原邗国境内,因称邗江。当时蜀冈一线南沿,即是长江北岸线,由于海面波动和江水流向的变化,长江泥沙日增,江岸逐渐南移。到了晋代,扬子津以北形成了大片冲积平原。据郦道元所著《水经注》云:“自(东)晋(穆帝)永和中(345-356),江都(后为扬州)水断……”邗沟南口(简称邗口)淤塞,于是疏浚河道,邗沟南沿直通长江——扬子江,河口处,即设济渡,因濒临扬子江,故名扬子津。
隋炀帝大业元年(605),开通涿郡(今北京)至杭州运河,有一段即循邗沟故道达扬子津,从此,扬子津便成为江都(扬州)至京口(今镇江)之间的重要津渡。此后扬子津江岸屡有变化。诸多史料表明:扬子津原濒临长江,由唐至清,江岸不断南迁,远离江岸,津渡不复存在,代之以扬子桥、扬子镇。
扬子津失去长江津渡以后,南有伊娄河(瓜洲运河)相通,北有东西仪扬河连接,仍不失为水陆交通的要冲。隋炀帝开通京杭运河,中经扬子津(桥),此时扬子桥镇市已有相当规模。炀帝杨广驾幸江都后,选择扬子桥为附都,大造宫室,建有临江宫,又名扬子宫,内有凝晖殿、玄珠阁,真正是金碧荡漾,富丽堂皇。
大业二年至十三年(606-617)二月,隋炀帝先后三次到扬子桥驾幸临江宫,特别是第三次在临江宫凝晖殿,大宴百僚,铺戏为乐,欢快之情,溢于言表。
扬子桥市镇,既有临江宫的铺陈,又有商贾云集,市场亦当繁荣,到了唐代街镇已形成一定规模。因此,唐高宗永淳元年(682),以江都扬子镇为扬子县。扬子镇作为扬子县的首府,城市更加繁荣昌盛。
扬子镇为扬子县之首府,又处于与对岸京口的水运交通,管理驿政的驾部,故在此设置水陆相兼的驿站,定名临都驿,又称扬子驿,以备南来北往的官员以及传递公文的信使,在此换乘舟、舆、马。
唐代高僧鉴真东渡日本时,途经扬子桥,在既济寺宿过。
明代有“扬子桥镇市”,市场繁荣,盛于邻镇。
从唐至清,有无数往来过客,特别有不少著名诗人留有诗作多篇,以纪其胜。
清乾隆十八年(1753),扬州盐商花了白银二十万两在扬子桥修建行宫,为扬子桥新增胜景。
扬子桥战事
扬子桥,是扬州至瓜洲间的中枢战地,可考战事有:
晏孝广抗金 南宋高宗建炎三年(1129),金将粘没喝率兵南侵,计议生擒驻跸扬州的高宗赵构,是年二月初三,金营先锋马五,率领五百骑,破天长,直驱扬州。赵构仓皇地带着近臣逃跑,金兵一直追到扬子桥,时扬州尉晏孝广率军奋力抵御,杀敌数人,赵构得从间道驰往瓜洲渡江脱险,晏殊因后援不继,兵败身死,其女贞姑随父在军,为金兵所擒,贞姑不屈高呼:“我乃大宋丞相晏殊后代,岂肯贻羞家国!”遂拔刀自刎而死,表现了高度的民族气节。据说:贞姑“颈血溅地,经旬不灭”,这一可歌可泣的故事,至今仍为人们赞颂。
李庭芝抗元 南宋末年,元兵攻宋,扬子桥北通扬州,南达瓜洲,西通仪征,因而成为扬州外围的争夺重地。元将阿术以扬子桥为中心,南起瓜洲,北至湾头,筑起长围,对扬州进行了弧形封锁。扬州守将李庭芝、姜才多次冲出重围,与元军在扬子桥展开激烈的战斗,后退守扬州,终因寡不敌众,战败尽忠殉国。后在扬州城内为李、姜二位民族英雄建立“双忠祠”以纪念,至今仍为人们敬仰。
林凤翔抗清 清文宗咸丰三年(1853),太平天国三年,太平军大将林凤翔攻克瓜洲和扬州。为了保持扬州至瓜洲交通畅达,粉碎清钦差大臣琦善江北大营的顽抗,太平军在扬子桥筑垒设隘,驻扎重兵。
徐贯之冷战 徐贯之,又名徐曾,受过高等教育。抗日战争时期,1942年,徐被发展为中共地下特别党员。此后,受党批准,他的公开身份为伪扬子乡乡长兼自卫团团长兼营盐业,暗中实为我党做情报工作。1943年冬季某一天,新四军二师参谋处第二科情报站站长许思潮和侦察参谋戴晓良(又名徐良),正在徐贯之家中了解日伪动态时,突有国民政府江都县流动县长张济传带着四个警卫人员进入徐家。面对如此险情,徐贯之镇定自若,随机应变,急中生智,当场抢白道:“张县长来此与我谈事,我们的盐生意改日再谈。”就这样,使许、戴二人立即借机抽身,安全脱险。这场无形的冷战,表现了徐贯之具有高度的应变水平,是“处变不惊”的杰出人物。
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