靖难之役时元朝遗民在干啥,他们拥兵百万,为何不趁机反攻大明?
推荐回答(1个)
蒙元在忽必烈的带领下,灭亡南宋,建立了元朝。元朝在中国历史上统治的时间不长,短短的98年,但其影响却颇为重大。在元朝的统治下,原本的金与南宋遗民遭到了区别对待,百姓被固定于某一个阶层,各个阶层人才的流动几乎为零。

哪里有压迫哪里就有反抗,元朝末年,各地义军纷纷起兵反抗元朝,朱元璋力压群雄建立了大明。一个王朝的长治久安哪那么容易,由于长子朱标的早逝,最终皇位落到了皇太孙朱允炆的身上。由于年轻的建文帝急于削藩,燕王朱棣打着清君侧的名义起兵,并且攻入了南京,赶跑了朱允炆,朱棣当上了大明的皇帝,史称永乐大帝。
在王朝根基未稳之际发生这么大的变故,“靖难之役”算得上是大明的一场灾难,这场灾难说到底还是大明王朝内部的变动,可在明朝当时强敌环绕的情况下,他们却可以安然渡过。于是世人便有了一个疑问,当时蒙元虽然被赶到了漠北,但在当时他们还是拥兵百万,为何不趁机发兵反攻大明,而是选择了在一旁“看电影”。

时代背景
元朝统治者被朱元璋赶跑之后,元顺帝在蒙古又建立了北元政权,收拢军队,又聚集了百万雄兵。卧榻之侧岂容他人酣睡,朱元璋集全国之力,曾八次派兵深入漠北讨伐北元,并且取得了卓著的成就。
朱元璋对北元的战争,其中起到立竿见影效果的主要有两场。一个是公元1381年的“辽东之战”,经此一战,驻守金山的纳哈出率兵而降,辽东的土地尽归大明所有,除了底盘的增大之外,大明获此战略要地,导致漠北蒙古与高丽的联系被切断,北元的势力遭受到毁灭性的打击。

另一次战役是公元1388年的爆发的“捕鱼儿海之役”,大将军蓝玉领兵出击,在捕鱼儿海大胜元军,此战一举将北元最后的一点精气神打掉,脱古思帖木儿与太子天保奴几十人逃脱,家眷、子女、后宫嫔妃等悉数被明军俘获,黄金家族自此谢幕。
也就是说,在朱元璋晚年,他基本上算是扫清四方残敌,并且还发动了“蓝玉案”、“胡惟庸案”将朝堂内部肃清,如果他再多活几年,估计连这些藩王都不用朱允炆去动手了。朱允序上任之后,新官上任三把火,削藩搞的是有声有色,朱棣感受到了危险,不愿再做一个待宰的羔羊,于是发动了“靖难之役”。

“靖难之役”持续四年之久,北部残敌为何不趁机反攻大明
“靖难之役”持续四年之久,彼此攻伐不断,国内的民生与经济遭到了巨大的损失,尤其以中原地带的华北与华东地区最为严重,当时明朝的实力可谓下跌了不止一个档次。即便如此,北元反攻大明的剧本并没有上演,其中的原因,小编总结了以下几点:
- 自捕鱼儿海之役后,黄金家族自此没落,北元再次陷入了群龙无首的时代。当年成吉思汗也是在统一了蒙古草原之后,才能静下心来对外用兵。在当时,黄金家族没落,蒙古贵族再次开始不断的内斗与攻伐,抢夺第一把交椅,忙得是不亦乐乎。分崩离析的他们又如何有能力插手大明的内斗呢。

- 北元被朱明打的不能自理,同为游牧民族的瓦剌趁机兴起,因此北元残敌在自己内斗的同时,还要与瓦剌部搞来搞去,无暇再顾及明朝的发生了啥事了。在他们内心里,只要是大明不发兵讨伐,那就阿弥陀佛了。
- 瓦剌的崛起之后,的确成了朱明王朝长久的劲敌,朱棣多次北伐,朱瞻基、朱祁镇,大明王朝前中期的民力国力几乎全都消耗在频繁用兵之上了。
说来也比较尴尬,朱棣、朱瞻基好歹以其硬朗的作风打得瓦剌不敢侵犯,维护了帝国尊严,切实地打击了来犯之人。但朱祁镇眼高于顶,土木堡之变中被瓦剌俘虏,放归之后又发动夺门之变,诛杀于谦,堪称朱明的败家子。

后记
大明在行事作风上以其硬朗著称,“天子守国门,君主死社稷”,大明朝哪怕最后一任皇帝,都战斗到了最后一刻。大明200多年的统治,没有对外割地一块,没有对外赔款一分,抛开封建王朝的弊端不谈,大明的气节值得我们学习。
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