求有关吸血鬼特点的英文介绍～～

The source of the legend of bloodsucking creatures can be traced back to thousands of years ago, in the Mesopotamia civilization, the early ancient Hebrew civilization, ancient Rome civilization myths and legends, have smoked human essence of the devil. But establish the real modern image of the vampire, mainly from eighteenth Century to Eastern Europe oral folk legend summary of editing and publishing.
In these legends, the vampire refers to after death can climb out from the grave bloodsucking corpse. In the medical developed conditions, some not truly dead, just shock people were buried, and awakens in time or resurrection and move, be regarded as immortal. The black death period, people in extreme panic situation will produce this kind of continued to campaign for the dead of fear, so like the Nitadt with the infectious plague ability German vampire legend.
The image characteristics
The traditional Eastern European folk legend of the vampire, and modern pop culture in the image is very different. Its features include:
The color of skin dark, or purple (often attributed to suction the blood).
The body was swollen.
Flatulence is often caused by bacteria corruption.
Excavated from the coffin, a blood nose.
The left eye is usually open.
Hair and nails will continue to grow.
In fact, the hair and nails continue to grow that after death, mainly because the skin after a man's death will shrink, cause originally hidden in the body of the hair and nails show outside, caused by the illusion of growth.
These characteristics are usually considered on a vampire's corpse observed.
These vampires tend to climb out of the grave, cattle, sheep, or attack the village human.
Source
The traditional Eastern European folklore, become a vampire's corpse general in his lifetime due to special reasons and died, in different folk legend, the reason is also diverse. For example:
Had been a witch.
In the Russian folk tale, betrayed the Russian Orthodox Church of the dead.
The black cat over the body.
Dutch act or criminal.
Being attacked and killed by a vampire.
In order to prevent these dead may become a vampire, usually for special funeral, for example: face down, buried in the corpse placed the sickle to disperse the intention to occupy the dead bodies of the devil, placed the cross in the body, etc..
The coping methods
Garlic. The existence of a large number of corresponding talisman in vampire folklore, its role is to prevent the vampire close. Including the common:
Sprinkle mustard seeds or grains on the roof. (this method originates from the folk legend, the vampire several digital OCD.)
The Christian Holy Cross, holy water, for example.
Legend of the vampire could not cross the river.
Although in the early legends, vampires are generally nocturnal, but not about vampire fear sunshine direct description.
Through specific methods can be found buried with the vampire may a grave in the cemetery where. For example, observe whether there are holes on the grave. Some let the boy sitting on the prowl in foals cemetery, the horse will stay on the suspect's grave.
When found suspected grave, feature and found the tomb in the bodies of the vampire after need has, through special means of destroying the:
Dismembered
Decapitation (German and Slavic area)
Burn
In the middle ages, the body will dig out, much to the spread of the epidemic period, people think is a vampire in evil. When you find that there is the sign, it can take the body burned to only the bone.
Sa Shengshui
In the mouth in garlic (Romania area)
In the heart of the bodies the nail into the wood piles (mainly in Yugoslavia)
In Russia is the nail into the mouth, in the Serbia area is the nail into the stomach.
The use of ash tree stake Russia area, use white thorn stake in Serbia area.
Buried bodies often due to bacterial decomposition of produced gas, resulting in swelling, which was considered to be a vampire. Nailing or dismembered stakes are able to release the gas in the body, resulting in the eradication of the vampire impression. Traditional folk in the burial may become vampires dead, placing objects or iron needles and other sharp sickle on its side, in the folklore is the devil in order to avoid into the bodies of the dead, but in fact played when the body expansion when the prick and release the gas effect.
The fear of sun light by habit, modern disposal movie night of the 30 useful ultraviolet lamp irradiation. (but there are also mentioned, so this day not ncessarily.)
吸血生物的传说源头可以追溯到数千年前，在早期的美索不达米亚文明、古希伯来文明、古罗马文明等的神话传说中，都有吸食人类精气的魔鬼。但真正现代意义下的吸血鬼形象的建立，主要来自于18世纪时对东欧地区口头流传的民间传说进行汇总编辑出版。
在这些传说中，吸血鬼指的是死后能够从坟墓里爬出来吸血的尸体。在医疗不发达的条件下，有些没有真正死亡，只是休克了的人被下葬，而后在苏醒的时候或者复活又动起来，被当成不死的存在。欧洲黑死病流行的时期，在人们极度恐慌的情形下会产生这类对死者继续活动的惧怕，因而出现像尼塔特这种带有传染黑死病能力的德国吸血鬼传说。
形象特征

传统东欧民间传说中的吸血鬼，和现代流行文化中的形象有很大的不同。其特征包括：
皮肤的颜色发暗，或呈紫色（往往被归因于吸过了血）。
尸体肿胀。
往往是由于细菌造成腐败胀气。
从棺材中发掘出来时，口鼻处有血迹。
左眼往往是睁开的。
头发和指甲会继续生长。
实际上，头发和指甲在死后继续生长一说，主要是因为人死后皮肤会收缩，造成原本藏于体内的头发和指甲显露出外面，而造成生长的错觉。
这些特征通常在被认为是吸血鬼的尸体上观察到。
这些吸血鬼往往会从坟墓中爬出来，袭击牛只、羊群、或者村庄里的人类。
来源

传统东欧民间传说中，成为吸血鬼的尸体一般在生前因特殊的原因而死去，在不同的民间传说中，原因也多样化。比如：
生前是女巫。
在俄罗斯民间传说中，背叛了俄罗斯东正教会的死者。
被黑猫跳过的尸体。
罪犯或自杀的人。
被吸血鬼袭击咬死的人。
为了防止这些死者可能会变成吸血鬼，一般会进行特殊的葬仪，例如：面朝下埋葬、在尸体旁放置镰刀以驱散意图占据死者尸体的恶魔、在尸体上放置十字架，等等。
应对方法

　　大蒜。在吸血鬼的传说中存在大量对应的避邪物，其作用是防止吸血鬼接近。常见的包括：
在屋顶上撒芥末籽或米粒。（这一方法源自民间传说中，吸血鬼有数数字的强迫症。）
基督教圣物，比如十字架、圣水。
传说吸血鬼不能越过河流。
尽管在早期传说中，吸血鬼一般都是在夜间活动，但并没有关于吸血鬼害怕阳光的直接描述。
通过特定的方法可以发现墓地中的哪一个坟墓可能埋藏着吸血鬼。比如观察坟墓上是否有洞。也有的让男童坐在马驹上巡行墓地，马会在有嫌疑的坟墓前停留。
当发掘有嫌疑的坟墓，并发现坟墓中的尸体具有吸血鬼的特征后，需要通过特殊的手段消灭之：
肢解
斩首（德国与斯拉夫地区）
焚烧
在中世纪，会挖尸体出来的，多为流行病的传播期，人们觉得是吸血鬼在作恶。当发现有此迹象时，则会把尸体烧毁至只剩骨骼。
洒圣水
在嘴里放入大蒜 （罗马尼亚地区）
在尸体心脏钉入木桩 （主要在南斯拉夫地区）
在俄罗斯是钉入嘴里，在塞尔维亚地区则是钉入胃部。
俄罗斯地区使用梣树木桩，塞尔维亚地区使用白荆棘木桩。
埋葬的尸体往往因细菌分解产生气体，因而产生肿胀现象，并由此被认为是吸血鬼。钉入木桩或肢解都能够释放出尸体内的气体，造成消灭了吸血鬼的印象。传统民间在埋葬有可能变为吸血鬼的死者时，在其身边放置镰刀或铁针等尖锐的物体，在民俗学上是为了避免恶魔进入死者尸体，但实际上起到了当尸体膨胀时将其戳破并释放气体的作用。
利用其惧怕烈日光线的习性，电影恶夜30中有用紫外线灯照射的现代处置法。（但也有部分提到过日行者的出现，所以这点不一定行得通。）