推荐回答(2个)
一、要凭借语文教材,加强语言表达训练
利用教材训练低年级学生的语言表达是很有效的办法.小学语文教材对学生进行语言表达训练提供了较广泛的内容和多种形式,同时,各册教材在阅读课文及基础训练题中,也都有编排人物对话交际的训练内容.为此,我认为教师在教学中,要尽量让学生积极主动地参与语言表达实践.
二、要创设交际情境,进行语言表达训练
生动、逼真的情境创设极富感染性,能够调动学生内在真实的情感体验,激发他们表达的强烈欲望.新大纲在口语训练上提出这样的要求 :"要在课内外创设多种多样的交际情境,让每个学生无拘无束地进行语言表达".这是语言表达训练的一条重要途径.根据低年级学生年龄小、注意力易发散、形象思维占优势的特点,课堂教学中,应依据大纲要求,针对教材实际,通过创设情境让学生参与,引起学生语言交际的欲望,激发他们语言交际的热情.
三、要组织社会实践活动,强化语言训练
学生的语言能力真正得到培养,必须依赖于社会实践,而形成口语交际能力后,最终又要走向社会.因此,语言能力的培养要与社会实践结合起来进行.小学生特别爱听故事,尤其是那些妙趣横生、富有儿童情情趣的故事.家长或教师可选择一些文明礼貌、诚实勇敢、勤奋好学等内容的故事让学生听.低年级学生年龄小,说话缺乏条理性,要求他们把故事完整地复述出来,家长或教师必须把复述的内容理出一条清晰的线索让学生沿着这条线索,抓住故事主要内容进行复述.这样有助于加强学生听的训练,提高学生的语言表达能力和记忆力.生活中,也可让小学生选择一位自己最信任的教师或同学,就自己的学习、生活和思想状况,分别同他们作一次深入的说话,争取从他们那里得到忠恳的意见和建议.然后,把两次谈话的经过、交谈的内容和对自己的触动详细地写进当天的日记.再把这日记拿回家,征求父母亲的意见,并就自己的发展方向或理想、追求同父亲或母亲商谈,达成比较一致的见解,以此达到强化语言表达训练的目的.
四、挖掘有利因素,加强语言训练
从自我体验中引说 .体验是一个人在参与实践活动中引起的一系列感受,它能引发强烈的表达欲望.如:过生日是孩子们最高兴的事,且大多经历过,让学生以模拟打电话的形式互谈过程、谈感受,这样就把学生的生活与说话训练有机地联系起来,学生不仅能说,而且还善于发挥.还可针对儿童活泼、好动的天性,把丰富多彩的课外生活引进课堂,创设口语交谈情境,能引起学生浓厚的兴趣.可以让学生模拟表演问路、借东西、购物、接待客人,开展"老鹰捉小鸡"、"传话"等学生喜闻乐见的游戏和竞赛活动.学生在玩中学说,兴趣盎然,轻松愉快,真正做到"我口说我心".学生在双向互动的训练中,不仅学会了应用礼貌用语,思维与口语交谈能力也得到同步提高.
语言训练贵在实践,只要我们遵循学生的心理特点和语言学习的规律,课内、课外相结合,努力提高对学生说话能力培养的意识,就一定能收到良好的效果.
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