推荐回答(1个)
沼气池是生产和贮存沼气的装置,它的质量好坏,结构和布局是否合理,直接关系到能否产好、用好、管好沼气。因此,修建沼气池要做到设计合理,构造简单,施工方便,坚固耐用,造价低廉。有些地方由于缺乏经验,对于建池质量注意不够,以致池子建成后漏气、漏水,不能正常使用而成为“病态池”;有的沼气池容积过大、过深,有效利用率低,出料也不方便。多年来的实践经验证明,沼气池的结构要“圆”(圆形池)、“小”(容积小)、“浅”(池子深度浅);沼气池的布局,南方多采用“三结合”(厕所、猪圈、沼气池),北方多采用“四位一体”(厕所、猪圈、沼气池、太阳能温棚)。
修建沼气池需要什么材料?
修建沼气池材料主要是水泥、沙、石子、砖,还需要一些砼预制构件或选用其它成型材料做进、出料管、池盖以及输配气管件、灯、灶具等。
修建沼气池有哪些步骤?
(1)查看地形,确定沼气池修建的位置;
(2)拟定施工方案,绘制施工图纸;
(3)准备建池材料;
(4)放线;
(5)挖土方;
(6)支模(外模和内模);
(7)混凝土浇捣,或砖砌筑,或预制砼大板组装;
(8)养护;
(9)拆模;
(10)回填土;
(11)密封层施工;
(12)输配气管件、灯、灶具安装;
(13)试压,验收。各地要因地制宜,就地取材,不强求一律。
农户修建沼气池多大容积合适?
沼气池容积的大小(一般指有效容积,即主池的净容积),应该根据每日发酵原料的品种、数量、用气量和产气率来确定,同时要考虑到沼肥的用量及用途。
在农村,按每人每天平均用气量0.3~0.4立方米,一个4口人的家庭,每天煮饭、点灯需用沼气1.5立方米左右。如果使用质量好的沼气灯和沼气灶,耗气量还可以减少。
根据科学试验和各地的实践,一般要求平均按一头猪的粪便量(约5公斤)入池发酵,即规划建造1立方米的有效容积估算。池容积可根据当地的气温、发酵原料来源等情况具体规划。一般家用池选择8立方米或10立方米;南方地区,家用池选择6立方米左右。按照这个标准修建的沼气池,管理得好,春、夏、秋三和发所产生的沼气,除供煮饭、烧水、照明外还可有余,冬季气温下降,产气减少,仍可保证煮饭的需要。
有的人认为,“沼气池修得越大,产气越多”,这种看法是片面的。实践证明,有气无气在于“建”(建池),气多气少在于“管”(管理)。沼气池子容积虽大,如果发酵原料不足,科学管理措施跟不上,产气还不如小池子。但是也不能单纯考虑管理方便,把沼气池修得很小,因为容积过小,影响沼气池蓄肥、造肥的功能,这也是不合理的。
为什么提倡修建圆形的沼气池?
圆形或近似于圆形的沼气池与长方形池比较,具有以下优点:第一,相同容积的沼气池,圆形比长方形的表面积小,省工、省料。第二,圆形池受力均匀,池体牢固,同一容积的沼气池,在相同荷载作用下,圆形池比长方形池的池墙厚度小。第三,圆形沼气池的内壁没有直角,容易解决密封问题。
在相同容积和发酵条件下,浅池为什么比深池的产气率高?
首先,因为沼气池底部发酵原料多,菌种多,是产生沼气的主要部位。浅的圆池底增大了厌氧微生物与发酵原料的接触面积,所以产气比较高。其次,同一容积的池子,深度浅的池子,池底压力比深池相对小一些,有利于厌氧微生物的活动和气体的扩散。因此,在修建沼气池时,要适当增大池底部的直径,降低池子的深度(一般家庭用的沼气池,深度宜在2米左右),便于管理维修,提高产气量,又能减轻出料的劳动强度。当然,池子也不能过浅,过浅不利于冬季保温和沉淀粪便中的寄生虫卵。同时,由于池子过浅,池子的跨度越大,也会增加建池材料的用量和施工的难度。至于寒冷地区修建沼气池的深度,由须修建在冻土层以下,或与太阳能温棚相结合(满足种植土层厚度即可)。
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