推荐回答(2个)
灵芝分野生灵芝和人工栽培灵芝两种。野生灵芝多为褐黑色,有光泽。栽培灵芝为棕色实体。野生灵芝作为珍稀名贵药材,资源十分有限,价格一般较高,而人工栽培的要便宜得多。目前国内能够规模栽培的灵芝只有赤芝和紫芝两种。
第一:野生的形状不规则,盖有半圆形的,也有圆形的,还有畸形的,杆有长在中间的也有长在侧面的,中国灵芝交易 网下面两图是野生的。
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人工灵芝:种植的形状较规则,多为半圆形,杆长在侧面,种植的没根。
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第二:野生的有明显的根,下面这图是野生的根很明显。
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第三野生的杆有长的也有短的,种植的杆都很短。 生的有少数的草或棍子长到灵芝里面去了 ,下面是野生的看杆有多长。
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第四:野生的有虫眼也有没虫眼的,种植的多数没虫眼下面这是野生的带虫眼的。 成堆的野生灵芝大的和小的差别很大,成堆的种植灵芝大小基本差不多。差别很小 。
简单易行的方法是用手和用眼并用:
用手:直接按灵芝表面,如果很轻易地能够按进去,那就是人工栽培灵芝,因为人工栽培的灵芝生长期短,子实体质地比较松;而野生灵芝长期在野外生长,质地很硬,一般用手是按不进去。野生灵芝茎比较光滑,手触摸起来感觉就象涂了光油一样油滑,人工栽培灵芝茎比较粗糙。
用眼看:野生灵芝野外生长环境不尽相同,因此每个灵芝的差异比较大,表面不光滑,看上去又黑又老;而人工栽培灵芝由于生长环境相同,长得都差不多,表面光亮,一看就知是温室里培养出来的“花朵”。 直径8公分的野生灵芝,茎一般长4寸左右,种植灵芝茎比较短(这些需要有经验的人才能知道),野生的灵芝根部往往沾泥,或是沾黑色的腐木根。8公分以下(小朵)的野生灵芝,菌面边缘通常呈黄色环形(那是因为生长期还没足就被摘下来了),中间深黑色,有亮泽;8公分以上的野生灵芝,全朵菌面呈黑色(因为已足够老了)。种植的灵芝根部是没有沾泥或腐木根的,商贩常把根部剪掉,因为种植的灵芝是在伐倒的野木上凿一个孔,然后才把灵芝子种进去,所以,长大后摘下来的灵芝是不沾泥也不沾有腐木的(当然,有些人为了整洁美观好看,也常把野生灵芝的根部剪掉)。此外,种植的灵芝,8公分以上的,边缘也常有一轮黄色(中间呈黑色),而野生的则没有这种现象。
如果野生灵芝在幼嫩时被虫蛀过,会使许多其它多孔菌混杂其中,不仅没营养,而且有害,应注意剔除。
对于成朵形的原木灵芝子实体,一般可以从形体、色泽、厚薄、比重上判定其好坏。好的原木灵芝子实体,其朵形呈圆形或肾形,柄短,肉厚,其菌盖的背部或底部,用放大镜能看到有管孔的部位,一般呈淡黄色或金黄色为最佳,呈白色则其次,呈灰白色、且管孔已经较大的最差,这种灵芝子实体的营养已大量转化为孢子粉喷射完毕,其药力也大打折扣。
蒸过的灵芝与未蒸过的灵芝如何鉴别:
有些无良商贩常将野生灵芝蒸过一次或二次后,再拿来出售,这样的灵芝,营养大打折扣甚至没有营养。蒸过的野生灵芝表面看与一般野生灵芝无异,但仔细观察,蒸过的灵芝,表面较干净,无光泽,茎或菌面较油腻,手触摸有“沾”、油的感觉;而未蒸过的野生灵芝,表面通常沾有泥尘,比较有光泽,手触摸光滑,无沾粘感。
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