关于虚拟语气的英语题

虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而只是一种愿望、假设、怀疑、建议、猜测、可能或纯粹的空想等。
1．表示与现实相反
过去式(be用were) would + 动词原形
[例句]
1)If I knew German，I would read Das Capital in the original．
要是我懂德文，我就读《资本论》的原文。
2)If he were here now，everything would be all right．
要是他现在在这儿，一切就都没问题了。
3)How nice it would be if I could stay a bit longer！ 如果我再多呆些时间该多好啊！

2．虚拟语气在wish后的宾语从句中的应用。
如果该宾语从句表示一般现在时，其动词一律用其过去式形式，be用were；如果该从句表示一般过去时，其动词形式要用：had + 过去分词；如果该从句表示现在进行时，其动词形式要用were／was + 现在分词；如果该从句表示一般将来时，其动词形式要用：would／could + 动词原形。
[例句]
1)I wish I were／was as strong as you．
2)I wish I remembered his phone number．
3)I wish I had not forgotten his address the other day．
4)How I wish it weren't／wasn't raining now！
5)I wish he would try again．

3．虚拟语气在含有as if引导的从句中的动词形式与wish后的宾语从句中的动词形式相同。
1)He acts as if he were／was an expert．
2)It seems as if it were／was spring．
3)They are talking as if they had been friends for years．

一般过去时与一般将来时中的虚拟语气
[ ]表示过去情况的虚拟条件句的主句与从句中谓语动词的主要形式如下：
从 句 主 句
had + 过去分词 would have + 过去分词
[例句]
1．If we had left a little earlier，we would have caught the train．
2．If I hadn't taken your advice，I would have made a bad mistake．
3．You wouldn't have caught cold if you had put on more clothes．

[ ]表示将来情况的虚拟条件句的主句与从句中的谓语动词的主要形式如下：
从 句 主 句
were to／should + 动词原形 would + 动词原形
[例句]
1．If I were to study at Harvard University next year，I would major in biology．
2．If he were to／should travel on Mars in the future，he would drive a space wagon all over it．
注：在虚拟条件中，有时可以把表示假设的从属连词if省掉不用，在此语境中，就把从句中的助动词had，should或were移至其主语前，如：
1．Had we made enough preparations，we might have succeeded in doing the experiment．
2．Were they to act like that again，we would／should criticize them severely．
3．Should we fail again next time，we wouldn't lose courage．