【what的用法】
一、 what用作关系代词,也即连接代词,引导名词性从句, 可以作主语、宾语、定语
1. 引导主语从句
例1 What made the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
使学校骄傲的是90%的学生被重点大学录取。
例2 What makes the matter worse is that it begins to rain.
更糟糕的是开始下起雨来了。
2. 引导表语从句
例3 ---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game ?
---Oh, that’s what makes me feel excited.
例4 The city is not what it used to be. 这个城市不再是先前的模样了。
3. 引导宾语从句
例5 A man’s worth lays not so much in what he has as in what he is.
人的价值不在于他有什么,而在于他是怎样的人。
例6 After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
好像过了几个小时以后,他面带苦笑走了出来。
二、 what 用作关系形容词,作定语。意为“所…… 的全部,任何的”;与little、few 连用时,其含义多为“虽然少,但把所有的都…… ”
例7 The home improvements have taken what little there is of my spare time. 家庭环境的改善占去了我仅有的一点业余时间。
例8 Don’t worry. I will give you what help I can.
别担心,我一定尽我所能帮你。
例9 I will lend you what few reference books I can spare.
我愿把我用不着的虽然为数不多的参考书全部借给你。
三、 what惯用句式:A is to B what C is to D (比喻结构)A对B之关系犹如C对D之关系
例10 Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气对于我们犹如水对于鱼。
例11 What salt is to the food, wit and humour are to conversation and literature. 隽语与幽默之于会话与文学,恰象盐之于食物一样。
四、 what引导插入语,意为“还有的是,加之”
例12 He is handsome, and what is more, very rich.
他长得很英俊,而且还很富有。
例13 He is, what is called , a living dictionary. 他就是所谓的活词典。
五、 what的强调形式whatever(anything that)
例14 Whatever she does is ridiculous. 她的所作所为都是谎谬的。
例15 Take whatever magazines you want to read. 任何你想读的杂志都可以取阅。
六、有关what的某些习语
1. What about…?(表建议或征求对方意见) ……怎么样?
例16 What about going to the movies ?
2. What for? (=why) (口语) 为何,为什么 ?
例17 ---Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?
---What for ?
3. So what? (表示不感兴趣或认为不重要) 那又怎么样? (口语)
4. what if…?/what though (表示建议或疑虑等) 倘使……将会怎么样; 即使……又怎么样?
例18 --- What if I move the picture over here?
--- I suppose it will look better.
5. What with… and (what with ). ……部分因为……, 部分因为……(后面通常接不好的事情)。
例19 What with overwork and what with hunger, he became sick at last.
一半由于工作过度,一半由于饥饿,他终于病倒了。
一、用作疑问代词,用来构成特殊疑问句:
1. 与表示人的名词或人称代词连用,用来提问对方或第三者的职业或身份。
例如:
What is Comrade Liu? 刘同志是做什么的?
“What are you?” “I'm a worker.” “你是做什么的?”“我是工人。”
2. 与介词like连用,表示“怎么样”和“象什么”的意思。
例如:
What is the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样?
What is the elephant's leg like? 大象的腿象什么?
What does your girlfriend look like? 你女朋友长得什么样?
3. 与about连用,用来表示征求意见或询问消息,表示“对于……怎么样”的意思。
例如:
What (is your opinion) about going out for a walk? 我们出去散散步怎么样?
You didn't recognize your uncle at the station at once? What about your elder sister?
你在车站没有立即认出你叔叔?那你姐姐呢?
4. 与介词for连用,表示“为了什么目的”的意思。
例如:
What will your father go to Beijing for? 你父亲去北京干什么?
二、用作疑问形容词:
1. 用来表示“多少”的意思。
例如:
What does a Chinese-English dictionary cost? 买一本汉英辞典要多少钱?
What's the date today? 今天几号?
2. 用来构成感叹句,表示“多么”的意思。
例如:
What a happy life we are living!
(= What a happy life we are having!=What a happy life we are leading!=What a happy life we are enjoying!)
我们过着多么幸福的生活啊!
3. 用来说明名词,作前置定语,表示“什么”和“怎样的”的意思。
例如:
What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了?
What time do you get up every day? 你每天什么时间起床?
What size do you want? 你要多大尺寸的?
三、用作连接代词,用来引导主语从句,宾语从句和表语从句。
例如:
What you said just now is very important. 你刚才说的很重要。(引导主语从句)
注:
1. “What ...is ...”是个强调句型,常译为“……的是……”,what通常作主语从句的宾语,有时也可作主语从句的主语。
例如:
What troubles me most is that I don't know how to tell her the bad news. 最使我苦恼的是我不知道该怎样告诉她这个坏消息才好。
2. “is”后可接一般的表语,也可接表语从句。(如上面的两个例句)
I didn't understand what you had said. 我不理解你说的话。(引导宾语从句)
The question is what we can tell him. 问题是我们能告诉他什么。(引导表语从句)
此外,what可用在不定式前,和不定式一起在句中作宾语、主语或表语。
例如:
I don't know what to do. 我不知道该做什么好。
What to do has not been decided yet. 做什么还未决定。
The question is what to do. 问题是做什么
what is your name?
what should i do?
have you decide what to wear today?