...和将它们除以「流动负债」(current liabilities)。「速动比率」(quick ratio)可以计算如下:
速动比率 =(流动资产 - 存货)/总流动负债
Quick Ratio = (Current Assets - Inventory)/Total Current Liabilities
现金、股票和债券,以及应收账款都被包含在「速动资产」(quick assets)之内,这可用来检测一个企业在发生不利的情况下能否偿付负债。
(3)「营运资本」(working capital)
营运资本应为正数。贷款人常以它来评估一间公司应付艰难时期的变现能力。在通常情况下,贷款协议会规定借款人必须将营运资本保持在若干水平。「流动比率」(current ratio)、「速动比率」和「营运资本」全为衡量公司的流动性。在一般情况下,企业的这些比率是越高,它的流动性就越好。下面是「营运资本」的公式:
营运资本 = 总流动资产 - 总流动负债
Working Capital = Total Current Assets - Total Current Liabilities
(4)「负债/净值比率」(debt/worth ratio)
一个企业的偿债能力可以通过「负债/净值比率」和「杠杆比率」(leverage ratio),来衡量其对债务融资或借贷的依赖,与「东主权益」(owner's equity)相比。这是计算「负债/净值比率」的公式:
负债/净值比率 = 总负债/净值
Debt/Worth Ratio = Total Liabilities/Net Worth
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原文如下:
...and divides them by current liabilities. The quick ratio can be computed as follows:
Quick Ratio = (Current Assets - Inventory)/Total Current Liabilities
Cash, stocks and bonds, and accounts receivable are included in the "quick assets", which can test whether or not a business can meet its obligations if adverse conditions occur.
(3) Working Capital
Working capital should always be a positive number. It is used by lenders to evaluate a company's ability to weather hard times. Often, loan agreements specify a level of working capital that the borrower must maintain. The current ratio, quick ratio and working capital are all measures of a company's liquidity. In general, the higher these ratio are, the better for the business and the higher degree of liquidity. Here is the formula for working capital:
Working Capital = Total Current Assets - Total Current Liabilities
(4) Debt/Worth Ratio
A business' solvency can be indicated by the debt/worth ratio or leverage ratio which can measure the dependency of a company on debt financing or borrowings as compared to owner's equity. Here is the formula to compute the debt/worth ratio:
Debt/Worth Ratio = Total Liabilities/Net Worth
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