推荐回答(2个)
一、基本组织织物织补法
基本组织织物(以毛料为主),分为平纹、斜纹、缎纹三种。下面介绍常织的四个口种:
1.凡尔丁(平纹拨丝法)
凡尔丁织物是以经纬各两根纱构成为“一上一下”的完全组织,其织法分为四个阶段:
(1)拨洞:绑圈后拨洞,必须把毛茬拨到下面去,露出洞边组织,使每根布丝清晰可见;拨出样板丝1-2根,拨成下方形或长方形(织后也是正方或长方形)。必须要按这些要求来做,不能就洞拨洞,也不能洞形什么样就拨成什么样,否则都影响织后的质量。具体方法,拨丝法强图25所示。
(2)排纬:从右向左,从下向上,顺序地排,一根不拉(中间有未断的丝不排)。其程序是:右边起拱针,沉纱约0.5厘米,做五个“挑一压一”针脚,浮纱过破洞;到左边,也做五个“挑一压一”针脚,沉纱0.5厘米,出针,掉转圈子,拉丝,按同样方法排第二根。
排纬生脚要根根压住原丝,不能挑压半根,左右垂直对称,不能串行。单行和双行挑压相反,第一行是挑,第二行就压,第三行挑,第四行压,余类推。生脚要正确,上下左右都在一条直线上。拱针沉纱长短一致,破洞排纱要和样板丝一样松紧。
排纬有两种排法:一是挨针排,即一行挨着一行的排;一行隔针排,即排两行、隔两行的排。一般都用隔针排,质量较好。如图26所示。
(3)织经:起针、拱针(沉纱),生脚与排纬相同,只是要和破洞上排好的纬丝“挑一压一”交织,相邻两针,挑压相反,一根不拉,全部织完。在织经中,拨下毛茬,毛丝上翻,要边织边往下拨或把毛丝向织好方向拨去。否则,毛丝钻出,布面发毛,纹路不清,挑压因难;同时,毛丝还向四同扩散,留有较明显的痕迹。
织经一般用隔加针法,先是隔针织,顺着原布丝“挑一压一”往前进针,织两行,空两行,全部织上,两长款毛衣编织方法侧垂直对称,不能串行;后是加针织,即将所有空下两行,也按照原纹布丝,逐一加上,补上所有经丝;全部经丝和排丝交织后,破洞消失,和原织物一样。如图27所示。
2.哔叽(斜纹拨丝法)
一般为“二上二下”组织,拨洞与凡尔丁同,只是拨出的样板丝要多一些,一般为2-4根。哔叽组织较多,但多数是以经纬各四根纱构成“二上二下”完全组织的右斜纹(50°)其织法如下:
(1)排纬:从右向左,从下向上,起针、拱针、生脚,但拱针沉纱两侧均为0.5厘米,生脚做五个“挑二压二”。要顺着原纹布丝走针,不能串行。哔叽排纬,一般采取隔针加两针排法:第一次是隔针排,排法是“一隔一”,即排一行,空一行,排成“挑二压二”的平纹;第二次是加针排,即将空隔的一行,加上补齐,但要注意每次加针,都要前进一针,只有这样,才能成为斜织组织。如28图所示。
(2)织经:其做法与排纬基本相同,只是一排纬丝,一排经丝。先隔针织,“挑二压二”成为平纹;后加针织,“挑二压二”,前进一针,成为斜纹。织时还要边织边拨,防止毛茬上钻,注意松紧如图29所示。
(
哔叽中“二上一下”、“三上三下”等组织,均可参考这种织法,只是改变一下“挑几压几”的针法。如“二上一下”,即可“挑一压二”等。
3.华达呢(密斜纹盖洞法)
华达呢又叫轧别丁,组织很多,如“三上二下”、“三上一下”、“二上一下”等,但多数是以经纬纱各四根为一组的“二上二下”右斜纹(63°)。
华达呢最显著的特点,就是经密大于纬密一倍左右。因此纱线之间挤得很紧,人工按原纹织补(四根一组“挑二压二”),非常费事,尤其是初学者对不上斜纹或造成明显缺纹,效果不好。织补工人在实践中,采取了排纬减少根数(由每组四根减为三根),织经减少挑压(由“挑二压二”改为“挑一压二”)的做法,既减少了挑压的阻力(纬纱减少,阻力变小),又可以达到与原纹同样的紧密。织补以后,不但斜纹可以全部对上,而且倾斜度也和原织物一样。所有华达呢的织补,一般都采用这种织法。
(1)排纬:不用拨洞,直接排纬,要排满整个破洞(稍大一些,即多排一组),还要按照不同洞形,排成正方或长方形。
华达呢排纬是一组一组地排,每组排三根,原织物为四根一组,所以要空一根(每组的最后一根不排),然后搓一个斜纹;两侧生脚五个斜纹和拱针沉纱0.5厘米,要按原纹“挑二压二”做,挑得要深,压得要正,不留痕迹;同时,还要排得垂直,不能串行,松紧度合适。如图30所示。
(2)织经:抽取原织物经丝织,五根一组“挑一压四”,一组一组的挨着织,每织下一针,均向前进二针,挑上一行的“压四”,第二针为“挑一”。
附近的可附近的开始vnf没开发的历史根据 发了的不 谢谢
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