请问英语中定语从句 同位语从句 状语从句之间的区别和联系?

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2024-12-20 19:35:26
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如:
The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。(that从句用于解释说明the fact)

定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。如:
The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.

状语从句相当于一个副词,如:
When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学。(时间状语)
If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来,你就可以看见他。(if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为:if +状语从句,+主句)。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。同样,也有 主过从过 主祈从现 等。。 主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语。如:

I am a teacher. 其中,I 是主语,am是谓语,a teacher 是表语。

He likes playing football very mucy. 其中,he是主语,likes是谓语,playing football是宾语,very much是状语。
定语从句
1. 引导定语从句的关系词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which. 在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which.
2. 当引导定语从句的先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等词, 或先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰时,或先行词为all, anything, nothing, something, everything 时,从句的引导词只能用that.
3. as 可做引导词引导定语从句, 多和such, the same 连用. As 引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子, 既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头.
4. 介词+which/whom/whose从句
5. 代/名+介词+which 从句
6. 同位语从句和定语从句
三 状语从句:

修饰主句中的动词, 形容词和副词, 通常有从属连词引导, 按其意义和作用可分为时间, 地点, 条件, 原因, 让步, 目的, 结果, 方式, 比较.等
1. 时间状语从句:
1) 常见连词有 after, as, before, once, since, till, (not)until, when, whenever(no matter when), while, as long as, as soon as etc.
2) no sooner…than, hardly(scarcely, barely)…when: 刚做…就….
3) 还有 immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, every time etc
2. 地点状语从句: 一般用where or wherever 引导
3. 条件状语从句:真实条件从句:if, unless, so long as, provided that, supposing that, on condition that, in the event that, in case that etc
4. 原因状语从句: 从属连词有because, as ,since, for, now, that, in that, seeing that, considering that(鉴于,由于)
5. 让步状语从句:
1): even if, though, even though, while(尽管) no matter what/how/which, however, whatever, whichever, however etc.
2) 由as 引起的让步从句, 语气较强烈,被强调的词须放在句首.
3) whether…or,不管…或…
6. 结果状语从句: so that, so…that, such…that
7. 目的状语从句: so that, in order that, for fear that, lest, in case
8. 方式状语从句: as, just as, as if: 如同…一样
9. 比较状语从句:
1) as…as, not so/as…as
2) 比较级+than, so much/a lot more than
3) no more…than, not more…than, less…than
4) the more…the more
英语从句是一个很复杂的语法,不可能简洁又明了的概述,我这里只有它的基本结构和用法,你应该去看语法书,那里面有较详尽的解释,还有例句,还可以去一些英语学习的网站,如果你以前没有学英语从句的话,就这样看看它的基本结构和搭配,是不可能完全掌握和理解它的 欢迎追问

回答2:

定语从句基本定义:在复合句中,修饰说明一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词(定语从句也叫关系从句)。关系代词或副词放在先行词与从句之间,起联系作用,指代先行词(句),同时在定语从句中充当一个成分。例:The man whom you are waiting for has come.在这句话中,the man 是先行词,whom是关系代词,you are waiting for是定语从句。 同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。名词性从句有四种:宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。同位语从句是说明前面名词的具体内容或对抽象名词进行解释。这些名词有:fact,news,idea,reason,hope,belief,truth,dream,problem,advice,suggestion,thought,order,doubt,answer,reply,information,promise等。例:Word came that he won the chapionship.在这句话中,word是名词,tha he won……是同位语从句。 同位语从句和定语从句的区别:同位语从句表内容,that无意义,不可以省略,不充当成分定语从句表性质,that有意义,当that作宾语时可省,充当成分 状语从句有时间状语从句(when,while,as,after,before,until,till,once,since,whenever,as soon as,the minute,the moment,the instant,the day,the first time,next time,every time,immediately,instantly )、地点状语从句(where,wherever)、原因状语从句(because,as,since,for,now that;glad\sorry that)、目的状语从句(that,so that,in order that)、结果状语从句(that,so that,so…that,such that )、条件状语从句(if,unless,so\as long as,on condition that,provided that )、方式状语从句(as,as if,as though)、让步状语从句 (though,although,as if,even if,even though;whoever,whichever,whatever……;no matter who\what……)、比较状语从句(than,as……as)