宾语补足语:某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当,第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等,称为宾语补足语。
从字面意思上来理解,宾语补足语就是对宾语进行补充说明的,它可以是一个单词或者是短语又或者是个句子。
如:I
saw
the
thief
caught
by
the
police
.在这句话中the
thief是句子的宾语,它后面的caught
by
the
police是对它的一个补充说明,就是宾语补足语。
具体说明: (一)副词作宾语补足语 I found him in yesterday. (二)常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有:keep, make, find等。 如:We must keep our classroom clean. (三)常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有:call, name, make, think等。 如:We call them mooncakes. (四)常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有:see, watch, hear, find, keep等。 如:In the country, we can hear birds singing. (五)常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有:keep, find, leave等。如:I left my pen on my desk at home. (六)不定式作宾语补足语 1. 常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, tell, want, teach, wish等; 2. 接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:see, watch, hear, make, let advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage, persuade, permit, remind, request, order, warn, cause等。 如: I often see him play football. She often asks me to help her. We don't allow such things to happen again. Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke. She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. Please remind me to leave her this note. She requested him to go with her. 3. 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明: ①help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。 如:I often help my mother(to) do some housework. ②在使役动词后作宾语补足语,不定式不带to。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to,这些动词有: 一感二听三让四观看。 一感:feel 二听:hear, listen to 三让:let, have, make 四观看:observe, see, watch, look at 这类动词有:make, let, have等。转为被动语态时,其后通常都用带to的不定式 (have没有被动语态)。 What would you have me do? 你要我做什么? She made him give up smoking. 她让他戒了烟。 Let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想干什么就让他干吧。
Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister. 虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹,但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了 3. 掌握“使役动词 have + 宾语+过去分词”的几种含义 在“ have +宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词作宾语补足语, have 也可用 get 。这一结构具有以下几种含义: ①意为“主语请别人做某事”。例如: He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow. 他明天想去检查眼睛。(“检查”的动作由医生来进行) ②意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。例如: Be careful, or you'll have your hands hurt. 当心,否则会弄伤手的。 ③意为“使完成某事”,事情既可以是别人做完,也可以由主语参与完成。 例如: He had the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墙漆了。 (主语自己可能参与) ④动词不定式也可作一些短语动词的宾语补足语。 I'm waiting for James to arrive. 我正等着詹姆斯的到来。 He's arranged for a car to pick them up at the station. 他已安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。 The UN has called on both sides to observe the cease fire. 联合国号召交战双方遵守停火协定。 (七)分词作宾语补足语 用现在分词作宾补,说明宾语是动作的发出者,形成逻辑上的主谓关系;用过去分词作宾补,表示宾语是动作的承受者,构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 1. 跟分词作宾补的动词有:catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等。例如: There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself heard. 由于十分吵闹,讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。 When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman. 他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。 2. 几种用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况说明: ①表示“意欲;命令”的动词如 like, want, wish, order 等,可用过去分词 作宾语补足语。例如: The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。 ②感官动词 see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find 等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如: I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。 ③使役动词 have, get, make, leave, keep 等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如: Have you got your films developed? 你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有? ④“ with +宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如: The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了。(表原因)
顾名思义,就是补充说明句子宾语的成分。例:
i
call
him.这明显不是一个完整的句子,但是依然来分析一下,i主语,call是谓语,him是宾语。翻译为我叫他。那么我叫他什么呢?这里,如果我们在him后面添一个词,例如人名tom,这样句子就完整了。就会变成:
我叫他tom,tom就是句子的宾语补足语,用来补充说明him。
一句话中包括主语谓语和宾语,用来补充说明宾语的就叫宾语补足语。比如:爱使得他快乐。快乐就是宾补,补充说明宾语他。