八年级下复习资料◆unit 1 Will people have robots?目标语言:Make predictions重点句型:People won’t use money. Everything will be free. Books will only be on computers, not on paper. Kids won’t go to school. They’ll study at home on computer. There will only be one country. People will live to be 200 years old. Will people use money in 100 years? No, they won’t. There will be more people. There will be less free time. There will be fewer cars. There will be less pollution. There will be fewer trees. I agree. What do you think Sally will be in five years? I think she will be a doctor. Where do you live? I live in an apartment.知识点:1. 形容词,副词的比较等级考查热点透视:a) 表示A与B在程度上相同时, “as+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。表示A不如B时,可用“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。b) 表示A比B在程度上“更…..”时,可用“形容词或副词的比较级+than”结构c) 表示三者或三者以上的比较,其中一个在程度上“最…..”时,常用“the+形容词或副词的最高级”结构,后面可带“of/in的短语”来说明比较的范围。(注意:副词的最高级在句中常省略“the”.)d) 在形容词或副词的比较级前,可以用“a little, even, far, much,still”的等词语来修饰,以加强语气。e) 表示“越来越….”时,常用“形容词或副词的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级”结构,但要注意,对于多音节和部分双音节形容词,副词而言,若要表达此意时,要用“more and more+形容词或副词的原级“结构。f) 在表示“其中最….之一“的含义时,常使用 “one of+the+形容词最高级形式+名词复数”结构,其中的定冠词the不可以省略。g) 如果强调“两者中比较…的(一个)”的意思时,可使用“the+形容词比较级+其它”结构。h) 表示“越….越….”, 可使用“the+形容词或副词的比较级,the+形容词或副词的比较级”结构。2. 几个相似的“It句型”a) It’s +adj.+ that从句:在该句型中,it代替that从句,形容词用来说明that从句内容的性质。如,It’s polite that you always give seats to the elderly on the bus.b) It’s +adj.+to do sth.在该句型中,it代替to do sth的内容,形容词用来说明to do sth的性质。如,It’s useful to remember lots of words before the exams.c) It’s +adj.+for sb. to do sth.在该句型中,it代替to do sth的内容,形容词用来强调to do sth就sb而言的性质(常见的形容词有possible, important, necessary, difficult)d) It’s +adj.+of sb. to do sth.在该句型中,it代替to do sth.的内容,形容词用来强调of后所接宾语本身的性质(常见的形容词有kind, rude, clever, foolish, polite).3.一般将来时a) 一般将来时的构成:由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成,shall用于第一人称。在口语中,will在名词或代词后常简略为’ll, will not常简略为won’t。这个时态的肯定,否定和疑问结构可表示如下:肯定句否定句疑问句I (We)shall(will) go.You(He, She, They) will go.I(We)shall(will) not go.You(He, She, They)will not go.Shall I(we) go?Will you (he, she, they) go? 用”be going to +动词原形”也可表示将来时,表示将要发生的事,打算或决定要做的事。I think it is going to snow.我看要下雪。b)一般将来时的用法:1)表示将要发生的动作或情况;2) 不以人的意志为转移,肯定要发生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.后天是国庆日。 4. in/after:in是指以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间以后”。也可以表示“在将来多少时间之内”,句子中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态;after常指以过去时间为起点的“一段时间之后”,所以它与过去时态连用。当after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后,或指以将来某一时间为起点的若干时间之后时,它可以与将来时态连用。5.more, less, fewer的用法区别:more为many, much的比较级,意为“更多”,可修饰可数与不可数名词。Less是little的比较级,意为“更好,较少”,修饰不可数名词。Fewer是few的比较级,意为“更少”,修饰可数名词复数。【注意】few, little表示否定“几乎没有”。a few, a little表示肯定“一点,几个”。如,Because he often stays at home, he has few friends. 6.there be与have的区别:1)含义不同。there be表示的是“某地(时)有某人(物)”,强调“存在关系”。Have则表示“某人(物)所有”,强调“所属关系”。如,There is a bus in your factory.(公共汽车不一定属于我们厂所有) Our factory has a bus.(公共汽车属于我们厂所有)2)句型不同。there be句型为“There be +某人(物)+某时(地)”;have 句型为“某人(物)+have(has)+某物(人)。如There isn’t a cat under the chair. She doesn’t have two brothers.3)当表示某物的构成和组成部分时,用there be和have 均可。如,Our school has sixty classes.= There are sixty classes in our school.我们学校有60个班。【注意】there be句型中有两个或多个并列主语时,须根据就近原则,be与最靠近的主语在数上保持一致。如,There are two eggs and a cup of milk on the table.There be句型的将来时表达方式:肯定:There will be…否定:There won’t be…一般疑问句:Will there be….? Yes, there will. No, there won’t.7. be worth doing值得;be worthy of doing, be worthy to do值得8.Seem的用法:1)seem to do似乎…He seems to think so.2)It seems that看来…It seems that he is lying. 3) seem +adj./n.好象是… He seems ill.9.would like sth意思为“想要某物“; would like to do意思为”想要做某事“。回答would like句型的一般疑问句时,其肯定回答为 “Yes, please.”;否定回答“No, thanks”或 “I’d like /love to, but….”10.make sb. do; make +n+adj.; make friends with sb.; make +n./ pron.+n.11. Such作形容词,意思是“如此的”“这样的”,修饰各种名词。�0�1 Such这样的。如It is such bad weather.天气如此恶劣。�0�1 Such常和as搭配,表示一种类别。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我们喜欢象她那样的嗓子。�0�1 Such常和表示结果的that从句搭配,表示“如此….以至于…”如 It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home.�0�1 Such…that…和so…that…都可用来引出一个结果状语从句。由于such是形容词,所以that从句前有一个受such修饰的名词;而so 是副词,用以修饰形容词或副词,因此that从句前一般不出现名词。如 They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them. The exam was so difficult that many students failed to pass it.a) 如果名词是可数名词的单数形式,such和so的位置不同:such+a/an+形容词+单数名词so+形容词+a/an+单数名词b) 如果名词是不可数名词或名词复数,只可用such,不能用so.:such+形容词+不可数名词或复数名词c) 如果被修饰的不可数名词被much, little, 或复数名词被many, few等表示量的形容词修饰时,用so,不用such.d) 当little表示“年纪小的”时,可用such+little+名词 There were such little children that they couldn’t clean the room.12. people, person, folks, human: people“人们“全体;person “人”(不分年龄,性别它包括men, women, children.它可做people的单数形式可以说every person但不能说one people. Person指“人们”时着重个体;folks“人们”,指一般人或特殊年龄位置,境遇等特殊级的人;human主要用来区别于其他动物。13.be able to 为“能,会”,表示能力,在这个意义上与can的意思相同,一般情况下两者可以互换,但can只有现在式和过去式(could)而be able to则用于更多的时态,主要体现在be的变化。两者在用法上有一些差异:can (could)表示主观能力不表示意愿,它的将来时用will be able to而 be able to表示主观意愿强调克服困难做某事。14.Fee-fed-fed. Feed sth to sb把…食物给…;feed sb on sth15可数名词复数的构成有如下规则: ①一般加-s,如:desk→desks ② s, x, ch, sh结尾加-es,如:bus→buses, watch→watches ③以 f, fe结尾,改f, fe为v,再加-es,如:leaf→leaves ④以“辅音字母+y”结尾,改y为i,再加-es,如city→cities ⑤以“辅音字母+o”结尾,加-es,如:tomato →tomatoes ⑥一般复合名词,只将主体名词变复数,如: boy student→boy students ⑦以 man, woman开头和结尾的复合名词,规则不同: Frenchman→Frenchmen, woman teacher→women teachers ⑧不规则变化: foot→feet, child→children 单、复数同形的情况:sheep→sheep, Chinese→Chinese(中国人) 只有复数形式的情况: people, clothes, trousers 需要背诵的是:第6页的3a ◆unit 2 What should I do?目标语言: talk about problems and give advice重点句型:P10-1a;P11-2a and 2b; P12-3a ,3b and 4;P13-1a and2a需要背诵的是第12页的3a和第14页的3a知识点:1. argue with sb about sth.与某人辩论某事2..loud是形容词,loud-louder-loudest意思是“响亮的”;作副词时,常与talk, sing, laugh 等词连用,如speak loud; loudly “大声地”带有喧闹的意味,常用来修饰shout, cry, call, knock等动词,通常没有比较级和最高级,作状语;aloud 副词,出声地,大声地,仅指发出声音(以使能被听得见)。3.Enough为形容词,意思是“足够的”;enough +n.修饰名词enough money; adj/adv+enough修饰形容词或副词;enough to do 足够做某事4.call sb up给某人打电话 = give sb a call ; call sb ; ring sb up; phone sb; write sb a letter= write a letter to sb. 给某人写信;write to sb写给某人;get/receive a letter from sb.收到某人的来信5.give sb sth=give sth to sb把某物给某人。当 sb. sth都为代词时只能用give sth to sb6.present, gift礼物:gift带有一定的感情色彩,通常指昂贵的“礼物”,强调送礼人的诚意,有时有“捐赠”之意,多用于正式场合;present指为表达情谊,敬意或出于礼节,在某特定时刻或场合赠送的“礼物”,此礼物价值不一定高。make sb a present of把…作为礼物送给7.borrow, lend: borrow“借入,借给”即说话人向他人借东西borrow sth from sb.; lend-lent-lent“借出,借给”即说话人把自己的东西借给他人lend sb sth= lend sth to sb8. join sb in sth; join sb in doing sth与…一起(做某事);join…to …把…和…连接起来9 except,besides除…之外: except除了…都,besides强调“除了…之外还有…”在no one, nobody, nothing等词后加介词but也表示“除了”。10.find out, find, look for: find out“找出,发现,查明”多指通过调查,询问,打听,研究之后搞清楚,弄明白或指找出较难找到的,无形的抽象的东西;find“找到,发现”通常指找到或发现有形的东西也可指偶然发现某物的某种情况,强调找的结果;look for“寻找”强调动作。11.talk about谈到,谈论;talk of谈到,说到;have a talk with与..谈谈,做报告;talk to sb对…谈话;talk with sb与…交谈;talk to sb和talk with sb 均表示“和某人谈话”,“讲话”。talk to sb比较常用,侧重一方谈,一方听;talk with sb侧重双方交谈;talk about sb则表示“谈论某人”12.miss 和lose:miss意思为“发现丢失”“觉得不在”;lose意思为“丢失”“失去”。在本质上,miss是一种主观感觉,而lose是一种客观结果。13.be used to doing习惯于做某事;used to do过去常常,暗含与现在明显的不同,只用于过去时;be used to do是use的被动语态,意思是….被用来做某事。14.own 与 have: own强调的是拥有,占有某物为自己的财产,但所占有的东西目前不一定是由人使用,强调所有权;have为普通动词,表示的所有关系。own +n. egWho owns the dog? ;own +宾语+宾补 eg. He owns himself wrong.;own+从句eg. He owns that he is wrong. ;of one’s own完全属于某人自己的;on one’s own独立地,自愿地;with one’s own ears亲耳15. attend, join, take part in: attend“出席,参加,上学”attend school 上学,attend meeting出席会议;take part in 参加,是指参与某项活动 take an active part in积极参加;join 参加,当join用于加入某个团体或组织,成为其中的一员,后面直接跟名词,当join表示参加某项活动时后面跟介词in .