高中英语所有知识点

高中英语知识点总结一、语言知识（名词、冠词、数词、代词、动词、形容词、副词）1、名词.概念 名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称的词,有专有名词和普通名词之分,还有可数名词与不可数名词之分..相关知识点精讲.名词复数的规则变化 情况 构成方法 读音 例词 一般情况 加 -s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches 以ce, se, ze,等结尾 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y 为i再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies 2、冠词 冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义.冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类..相关知识点精讲.a用于辅音发音开头的词前, 如：a book; an用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an apple, an hour. 请区别：a usefulmachine, an umbrella, a “u”, an “h”。.指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the。 .在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the. 如：the sun,the moon, the earth。 .the用于序数词，表方位的名词和形容词最高级前。the first, the best , in the south。 .在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数。如：the Browns。.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box,behind the chair。.不能用定冠词the的几个方面： (1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer, inAugust 请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故加the)(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如：have breakfast ,playfootball 一些固定词组中，如：goto bed ,go to school, by bus ,at night..在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别： in front of 在…前面, in the front of 在…范围内的前部 in hospital (生病)住院, in the hospital 在医院里。3、数词4、代词（人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词） 代词是代替名词的词, 按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。人称代词
　2)人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：
　 I liketable tennis. （作主语） Do you know him?（作宾语）3)人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：---Whos is knockingat the door?---It’s me. 物主代词
　1)表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。 　2)形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：
　 Ourteacher is coming to see us. Thisis her pencil-box.
　3)名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。
　　 Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）
　　 I've already finished my homework. Have you finishedyours? （作宾语）
指示代词
　 指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。 1) this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：This is a pen and that is apencil．
反身代词
　 英语中用来表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我们自己"，"你们自己"等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示。
反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。　 1)作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。 He called himself a writer．
　 2)作表语。　 The girl in the news is myself．
　 3)作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。
　 I myselfwashed the clothes．（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主语同位语）
You should ask the teacher himself．（作宾语同位语）
不定代词
　 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表、宾语和定语。1)some与any的区别①some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. . Some rice in thebag has been sold out. ②any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。 If you have any questions, please ask me. Thereisn't any orange in the bottle. 2) few, a few, little, alittle在用法上的区别①用作形容词： 含义 用法 表示肯定 表示否定 用于可数名词 a few虽少，但有几个 few不多，几乎没有 用于不可数名词 a little，虽少，但有一点 little不多，没有什么 I'm going to buy a fewapples. He can speak only alittle Chinese. He has few friends.3)other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。 用 法 代名词 形容词 单数 复数 单数 复数 不定 another 另一个 others 别人，其他人 another (boy) 另一个（男孩） other (boys) 其他男孩 特定 the other 另一个 the others 其余那些人、物 the other (boy) 另一个男孩 the other (boys) 其余那些男孩 4)every与each的区别。 each every 1)可单独使用 1)不可单独使用 2)可做代名词、形容词 2)仅作形容词 3)着重“个别” 3)着重“全体”，毫无例外 4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物 4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物 The teacher gave a toyto each child. Each ball has a different colour. Every student loves theEnglish teacher. = All students love the English teacher.5)all和both的用法。①all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。 All of us like Mr Pope.我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语） = We all like Mr Pope.(作同位语) All the water has beenused up. (作主语) That's all for today. (作表语) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语)Lucy andLily both agree with us. Both of the books arevery interesting.相互代词 表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。 Weshould learn from each other / one another. （作宾语） 疑问代词
疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主语） What is that? (作表语)Whose umbrella is this? (作定语) Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语)关系代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：I hate people who talk much but do little.I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with yourletter.5、动词 （动词的时态与语态、情态动词、非谓语动词【分词{现在、过去}、动名词】）系动词、助动词、动词辨析） 分词 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式.相关知识点精讲:1.现在分词的用法： 1) 做表语： Thatbook was rather boring. 很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语： exciting,interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling. 2) 作定语：That musthave been a terrifying experience. I found him a charming person. 现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词, 相当于一个定语从句： There are a few boysswimming in the river.There is a car waiting outside. 3) 作状语：现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作： Following Tom, westarted to climb the mountain Opening the drawer, he took out a box. 现在分词短语还可以表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句： Not knowing heraddress, we couldn’t get in touch with her. 现在分词短语还可以表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句： Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy. Jim hurt hisarm while playing tennis. Be careful whencrossing the road. 4)作宾补： 现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语： 例如, see,hear, catch, find, keep , have 等. I see himpassing my house every day. Ismelt something burning. She kept himworking all day.2.过去分词的用法： 1) 作表语： She felt confused, andeven frightened. I’m satisfied with your answer. He is not interested inresearch. 2) 作定语：Theteacher gave us a satisfied smile. cooked food a written report fried eggs boiled water fallen leaves What’s the language spoken in thatcountry? 3)作状语：Seen fromthe hill, the city looks magnificent. They came in, followed by some children. 4)作宾补： 过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语， 接在某些动词后面 I will have theclothes washed tomorrow. When they get back home, they found the room robbed. 动名词动名词由动词原形+ING构成,是一种非谓语动词形式 相关知识点精讲:1.作主语。例如：Fightingbroke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。　2.作宾语　有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如： admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 complete完成 consider认为 delay 耽误 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 例如：Would youmind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗　b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如： burst out keep on insist on count on set about put off be good at take up give up be successful 3.作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如：Her job is washing,cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。比较：She iswashing, cleaning and taking care of the children.4.作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如：a writing desk 写字台 a swimming pool游泳池

浅淡多个形容词作定语时的排序问题
多个形容词作定语时的词序排列问题是高中教学的难点，也是高考考查的热点，在2004、2005、2006年全国多套高考题中对于此点的考查总共出现了5次。下面结合高考题来总结归纳排序问题的基本规律，并以巧记口诀来帮助突破此难点。
　　多个形容词作定语时的排序一般遵从如下规律：
　　如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。如： a small wonderful gift。
限定词＋描绘性形容词(beautiful)＋大小、长短、高低等形容词(large, long, high)＋新旧(old)＋颜色(red)＋国籍(Chinese)＋材料(wood)＋用途(writing)＋被修饰名词(desk)
　　记住以上规则是必要的，但还应多阅读、多体会，增强语感是关键。例如：
　　all these last few days最近的这些日子
　　some beautiful little red flowers一些美丽的小红花
　　a high red brick wall 一堵高高的红砖墙
　　a beautiful white Japanese military jeep一辆漂亮的白色的日本军用吉普车
　　其中限定词的排列顺序为：
all / both / half / double / 倍数词 / 分数词＋冠词 /指示代词 / 物主代词 / 名词所有格/ some / any / no / every / each＋基数词 /序数词 / little / few / last / next / other / another / more，形容词的排列顺序为：大小、长短、高低、新旧、颜色、国籍、材料、用途、类别等。如：
　　尽管以上给出了排序的基本规律，但由于所涉及的词太多，想要记清楚确实有难度。下面依此列一个表格，以加深印象：

为了便于同学们记忆，下面给出四句口诀辅助记忆：
　　前中序基和其它，性状质形长短和大小，新旧冷暖颜色和材料，还有动名加名莫忘了。
　　第一句主要用于解决排在最前面的多个限定词之间的顺序，它可对应于all（千位）these（中位）last（序数词）few（数量词）days短语中。口诀中后三句可对应于一句话“This is a charming small round old yellow French wood reading room.”其中多个形容词之间的先后顺序基本上可以在这一句话中得以体现，而且汉语歌诀的形式将使记忆更形象、更深刻。利用以上歌诀时最好是“抓两头”，即牢记排在最前边的限定词及排在最后边的形容词，如国籍、材料、用途等，则能轻松突破此难点。
　　考例分析：
　　1. The husband gave his wife_____ in order to please her. (2004 重庆 33题)
　　A. all half his income
　　B. his half all income
　　C. half his all income
　　D. all his half income
　　分析： 此题答案为A。根据排列顺序“前中序基和其它”可确定答案。all half 都是前位限定词，his 是中位限定词，所以his 应放在all和half的后面。
　　2. The_____ house is as if it has not been lived in for years. (2004 江苏 32题)
　　A. little white wooden
　　B. little wooden white
　　C. white wooden little
　　D. wooden white little
　　分析： 此题答案为A。根据排列顺序“新旧冷暖颜色和材料”可确定答案。wooden作为材料词应放在后面。
　　3. This_____ girl is Linda’s cousin. (2005北京)
　　A． pretty little Spanish
　　B． Spanish little pretty
C． Spanish pretty little
　　D． little pretty Spanish
　　分析： 此题答案为A。上述几个形容词可利用口诀中的中间两句：“性状质形长短和大小，新旧冷暖颜色和材料。”来确定它们之间的先后顺序。
　　巩固练习
　　1._____ students are required to take part in
　　 the boat race. (2004 浙江)
　　 A. Ten strong young Chinese
　　 B. Ten Chinese strong young
　　 C. Chinese ten young strong
　　 D. Young strong ten Chinese
　　2. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a_____ car. (2004 辽宁 22题)
　　A. large Germen white
　　B. large white German
　　C. white large German
　　D. German large white
　　3． Tony is going camping with_____ boys. (93全国)
　　 A． little two other B． two little other
　　 C．two other little D． little other two
　　4． —How was your recent visit to Qindao？
　　 —It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the_____ days at the seaside. (95 全国)
　　 A． few last sunny B． last few sunny
　　C． last sunny few D． few sunny last
　　5._____ lessons were not difficult.
　　 A. Our few first short English
　　 B. Our first few short English
　　 C. Our few first English short
　　 D. Few our first English short
　　6. —Let me help you, Tom.
　　—Thank you, I can do it. Here is_____ to hold all these things .
　　 A. a big enough case
　　 B. an enough big case
　　 C. a case enough big
　　 D. a case big enough
　　7. Mr Smith bought a_____ purse for his wife.
　　 A. small black leather
　　 B. black leather small
　　 C. small leather black
　　 D. black small leather
　　8． Excuse me. Can I borrow your_____ pencil box？
　　 A． blue cheap plastic B． cheap blue plastic
　　 C． plastic blue cheap D． plastic cheap blue
　　9._____ flowers are used for decorations in the house.
　　 A. These all beautiful red small
　　 B. All these beautiful small red
　　 C. These all red small beautiful
　　 D. All these small red beautiful
　　10. In the dirty street, there are many_____plastics.
　　A. white small flyingB. flying small white
　　C. small white flyingD. flying small white
　　Keys： 1. A2. B3. C4. B5. B6. A7. A8. B9. B10. C

限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老。
颜色国籍和材料，作用类别往后靠。

如：
1．a pretty tall young girl
（a是限定词；pretty属描绘性的词；tall表示高矮；young表示新老的词）

2．the round old stone table
（the为限定词；round表形状；old表新老；stone表材料）

3．a white Chinese metal machine
（a为限定词；white是颜色词；Chinese表国籍； metal表材料

多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词--数词--描绘词--（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）--出处--材料性质--类别--名词。例如：
a small round table/ a tall gray building/ a dirty old brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese sports car
典型例题:
1） Tony is going camping with ___ boys.
A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two
答案：C。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色） --性质--名词"的顺序可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。
2） One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old
答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。
3） ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.（高考题）
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
答案：B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照：限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词，如those + three + beautiful + large + square +old + brown + wood + table。

另给你送条顺口溜以便好记忆：县（限定词）官（观点形容词）行（形状形容词）大（大小形容词）令（年龄新旧形容词）射（颜色形容词）国（国家等出处形容词）才（材料质地等形容词）。

巧记高考形容词作定语的排列顺序,屡试不爽
二．多个形容词作定语的排列顺序 当名词前面有几个形容词作修饰语时，一般按下列次序排列：限定词+描绘形容词+形状+大小+颜色+国籍原材料。有一个句子利用谐音可以帮助我们很容易地记这个顺序：县官行令杀（色）国才(国家的栋梁之才)。（限定词+外观的词+形状+年龄大小+颜色+国籍词+材料）。这个顺序可以说是屡试不爽。
三．比较结构中表示倍数和百分数的词的位置。一般来说，这类词放在as┉as 结构之前，也可以放在the size/length/width/depth/height等之前。如： three times as big as, thirty percent the depth of 等。
以下是一组关于词序、语序的高考试题，请你做做练一练：

1．This _____ girl is Linda’s cousin. （2005年北京第23题）
A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty
C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish
2．What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before. It is _____ it is long. （2005年湖北第28题）
A. half not as wide as B. wide not as half as
C. not half as wide as D. as wide as not half
3．John is the tallest boy in the class,_____ according to himself. （2005年安徽第31题）
A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight
C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as
4．______, Carolina couldn’t get the door open. （ 2005年广东第23题）
A. Try as she might B. As she might try
C. She might try as D. Might as she try
5．______, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. （2005年重庆第27题）
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
6. Only after my friend came ____ . （2005年福建第32题）
A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired
7.______ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. （ 2005年江苏试题）
A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C.How curious the couple were D. The couple was such serious
8.John Smith, a successful business man, has a ______ car. （2004年辽宁试题）
A. large German white B. large white German
C. white large German D. German large white
9.The _____ house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years. （2004年江苏试题）
A. little white wooden B. little wooden white
C. white wooden little D. wooden white little
10.______ students are required to take part in the boat race. （2004年浙江试题）
A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young
C. Chinese ten young strong D. young strong ten Chinese
11.Why ! I have nothing to confess. ___ you want me to say? （ 2004年上海试题）
A. What is it that B. What it is that
C. How is it that D. How it is that
12.It was ____ back home after the experiment . （ 2004年湖北试题）
A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go
13. If I had ____, I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting place.(98全国)
A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday
C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough
14．---How was your recent visit to Qingdao? (95全国)
--- It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ____ days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
15. Paper produced every year is ____ the world’s production of vehicles. (98上海)
A. the three times weight of B. three times the weight of
C. as three times heavy as D. three times as heavier as

Key:
1.—5 ACBAB 6--10 CBBAA 11—15 ACABB