推荐回答(3个)
一、选好品种,进行经济杂交,取长补短 。要想养鹅,须选择好的品种。可利用本地母鹅产蛋多、耐粗饲、抗病强的优势,引进莱茵鹅做父本进行杂交,其后代既保留了本地鹅的特点,又有莱茵鹅生长速度快的优势。这种杂交鹅的后代8周龄育肥后,平均体重3.6公斤以上,其经济效益十分明显。
二、发展羽毛深加工,能促进仔鹅羽毛生长。有些肉用仔鹅经育肥后体重虽已达到上市标准,但羽未长全,不能出售,导致饲养周期延长。如采取禽类废羽加工成的羽毛粉(其粗蛋白含量在80%以上)在雏鹅羽毛生长过程中配喂2%左右,可有效地促进羽毛的生长。
三、发展无菌笼养苍蝇育蛆业,代替价高的蛋白质饲料 。蝇蛆类是一种利用价值极高的有害昆虫,干蝇蛆含蛋白质62%,脂肪10--15% ,氨基酸总量是鱼粉的2.3倍,蛋氨酸是鱼粉的2.7倍。据试验,在饲料中添加适量鲜蛆喂鸡,产蛋率提高17-25%,喂鱼增产22%,喂鹅生长速度提高19.2--42%,且节约饲料20-40%。苍蝇繁殖速度惊人。据测算,一对苍蝇一个夏季能繁殖2000亿个蛆,可积累纯蛋白600多吨。一个畜禽养殖场配上一个蝇蛆养殖场,就等于建了一个昆虫蛋白饲料生产厂,养殖蝇蛆后的粪便,既无臭味,又是农作物的优质有机肥。蝇蛆养殖既不需要任何防疫措施,也不需要现代化厂房,不产生有毒物质,不污染环境。只需十几平方米,就可日出鲜蛆30公斤,是变废为宝技术简单的新型产业,国外养殖场大都设有养蛆车间。种植优质牧草喂畜禽,用畜禽粪便养蝇,用蝇蛆喂畜禽,再将养蝇蛆之废料做牧草优质机肥,可形成高效益的良性生态循环。
四、科学搭配饲料养鹅。目前有的家庭饲养少量鹅时,所用饲料还是以青菜、米饭两者构成,结果,鹅生长发育较慢;或采用舍养结合放牧的方法,让鹅在鹅舍附近放牧,利用天然饲料、水稻田的遗谷、鱼塘中的水生物等,这也因为营养不够全面而生长不快;此外,不少地方饲料品种极不稳定,有啥吃啥的现象还相当普遍,或者饲料品质较差。这些问题会使肉鹅生不一致,饲养周期长,耗料多,成本高,种鹅繁殖率低。要改变这种状况,应购买全价颗粒饲料,或使用预混饲料自配鹅用全价饲料。预混饲料一般由专业生产厂家配制,是根据鹅的生长发育需要和不同阶段的特点,把鹅所需各种添加剂如氨基酸、维生素、微量元素和其它必需的微量添加成分按不同的比例均匀混合而成的总汇,有时还会应养户要求或生产情况加入少量预防用的药物如抗菌素等。在使用上,农户先准备好几种常用的饲料,如豆粕、玉米、麸皮等,再按不同生长阶段添加一定比例的预混饲料,便可保证鹅的生长发育需要,所以,在使用上带来很大的方便,质量上有保证。预混饲料在鹅日粮中的比例是很小的,常用的有1%的和4%,例如4%的,在雏鹅日粮中,玉米占62%,麸皮占6%,大豆粕占28%,预混饲料只占4%;在大鹅日粮中,玉米占65%,麸皮占11%,大豆粕占20%,预混饲料只占4%。
养鹅技术
1 放牧养鹅
放牧养鹅是农家短、平、快的致富途径。东北有大量天然牧场,生长着众多的鹅喜食的野生牧草,如水稗草、苦卖菜、蒲公英、鸡眼草、鹅冠草等,营养成分高,污染少。每年4~5月份雏鹅开始放养,至9~10月份即可出栏,每只出栏鹅仅耗料4~5千克。辉南县王福海放牧养鹅700只,共耗料3000千克,出栏体重达4.5千克左右,按现价出售净利1万余元。
2 种草养鹅
在个别放牧条件较差的城镇地区,可种草养鹅。经过试验,长白鹅每只投喂50千克鲜草,再补喂2千克精料,10周龄体重可达4千克。一般牧草亩产量为5000~8000千克,即每亩牧草可喂养大鹅100只以上,按每亩牧草400元计算,精料按1.25元/千克计算,其直接成本不超过15元/只。
3 秋季养鹅
过去,农民一直习惯于春育秋售,而实际上冬秋养鹅效益更高。可采用种植饲料玉米,及时青贮,青贮后喂鹅,解决冬季的鹅用青、精饲料问题。每亩饲料玉米可产青玉米秸6000~7000千克,按每只鹅每天平均食用0.75千克青贮玉米计算,每亩饲料玉米青贮后供100只大鹅食用90天,每年春季毛鹅紧缺,因其羽绒品种好,毛鹅收购价格要比秋季高出1.5倍左右。秋冬季节养鹅每只纯利高达15元以上。
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