one⼀the one⼀ones⼀the ones⼀that⼀those作为代词的用法及区别？

one的用法　一. one可以代替前面刚提到过的同一类人或物，其复数形式为ones.例如：　　I haven ' t got a pen. I ' ll have to buy one.（我没有钢笔，我必须去买一支。）　　I have a new story-book and several old ones.（我有一本新的故事书和几本旧的故事书。）　　二. 如果one不带任何前置修饰语，而是单独使用时，其意义通常是泛指的。例如：　　I have no recorder. I want to buy one.（我没有录音机，我想买一台。）　　三. 不定冠词a/an不可直接和one连用，但a/an后面有形容词时，可以和one连用。例如：　　Have you any knives？ I need a sharp one.（你有小刀吗？我需要一把锋利的。）　　Have you any books？ I want to have an interesting one.（你有书吗？我要一本有意思的。）　　四. 当one（s）代替特指名词时，它前面总有定冠词或其他限定词。例如：　　This room and the one upstairs are being cleaned.（这个房间和楼上的那个房间正在打扫。）　　The film is not so good as the one we saw last week.（这部电影不如我们上星期看过的那部电影好。）　　五. one 只能代替可数名词，如果所代替的是特指的不可数名词，那就不能用“the one”，而应该用that.例如：　　The study of English is as important as that（=the study）of Chinese.（学习英语与学习汉语一样重要。）　　六. one（s）通常不用在名词所有格和形容词性的物主代词之后。例如：　　他的书放在楼下，他哥哥的书放在楼上。　　（误）His books are kept downstairs， and his elder brother ' s ones are kept upstairs.　　（正）His books are kept downstairs， and his elder brother ' s are kept upstairs.　　七. one（s）不用在own和both之后。例如：　　我的狗是黑色的，他的狗是**的。　　（误）My dog is black， his one is yellow.　　（正）My dog is black， his is yellow.　　那幢房子是你租的，还是你自己的？　　（误）Do you rent the house or is it your own one？　　（正）Do you rent the house or is it your own？
that 既可作关系代词，又可作指示代词，用法很多，很多人都拿不准。现介绍
that的用法:
1.在there + be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。例如：
There are two novels that I want to read.　我要读的有两本小说。
There is no work that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。

2.当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。例如：
This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。
Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。

3.以Here is (are)开头的句子时。例如：
Here is a film that will move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。
Here are two books that I will buy.这是我要买的两本书。

4.It is (high)time +定语从句中。例如：
It is time that we should have a rest.我们应该休息了。
It is high time that they started out. 他们该动身了。

5.当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，常可省略。例如：
This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。
She admired the way in which I answered the questions.　她羡慕我回答问题的方式。

6.在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that引导。例如：
He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest.他是我曾经看到过跳得最高的学生。
My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isn’t far from here. 我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书，并且离这儿不远。

7.当先行词被the last , the very 和the only修饰时。例如：
This is the very pen that I am looking for. 这正是我找的钢笔。
The only book I want to read is missing. 我唯一想看的书不见了。

8.在强调句子中，并且以who ,which, what开头时。例如：
Who was it that was lost ?　究竟是谁迷路了？（此句中，最好不用who来代替that，避免重复。）
What was it that you did last week?　你上周究竟做什么了？

9.当先行词有序数词时。例如：
You are the first person that I want to ask for.你是我要见的第一个人。
This is the second book that I have ever written.这是我写的第二本书。

10.当先行词被all, every, no , some, few , little, much, both等修饰时，例如：
This is all that I want to say at the meeting.这就是我在会上要说的。
Have you any books that are worth reading?　你有值的看的书吗？

11.当先行词既指人又指物时。例如：
The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them .我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到他们的赞美。
Let’s talk about the persons and the things that we can remember.让我们谈论能够想起的人和事。

12.当先行词为anything、everything、nothing时，关系代词用that,不用which；但用something时，用which或者that均可。例如：
Everything we have seen in China is moving.　我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。
I have nothing that is worth reading.　我没有什么值得一读的东西。

13.当先行词是疑问代词who时。例如：
Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess?　你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他？

one 泛指，相当于a/an +名词，表示同类 that 代指the one ,代指不可数名词，同类不同物 those 代指the ones 代指可数名词复数