推荐回答(3个)
说法一:“统而不治”的政治利器
初中历史课本就告诉我们,英国王室并无实权。英国政府真正的最高领导人是内阁首相。首相对内阁负责,对所在党派负责,对议会负责,最终对选民负责。而英国国王(女王)只是在每周与首相举行例行见面,听取国事汇报。且所谓的“周报”只是例行公事而已。
1688年,英国爆发“光荣革命”。1689年《权利法案》确立了议会所拥有的权力高于王权的原则,英国国王日益处于“统而不治”的地位。此后400多年间,英国经历了斯图亚特王朝、共和政体、斯图亚特王朝(续)、汉诺威王朝、萨克森-科堡-哥达王朝一直到现今的温莎王朝,期间共有近20位君主,他们的政治权力越来越仅限于“象征”。
不过,在如今国际政治舞台上,英国王室依然发挥着很大作用。大英帝国解体后,为了维系各独立国同宗主国之间的联系,建立了英联邦。许多独立的国家先后加入了这一组织。英国君主充分利用自己的影响,强化各成员国之间的团结。现英联邦国家只要一提到英国女王都满怀敬意。而在英国内部,君主是中立的、超党派的。当执政党和在野党争执不下的时候,总需要一个中间人。而这个角色最好的人选,就是英国君主。
说法二:传统象征与身份认同
英国《经济学家》杂志前主编比尔·艾默特曾说,英国人对王室的感情就如对崇敬的历史建筑一样,“一旦坍塌,人们必然感到惋惜”。一个人之所谓为王,是因为他周围的人愿意称他为王。对英国民众而言,英国王室就像一个活生生的历史文化博物馆,是这个国家和民族的传统财富。
英国人注重传统,这从英国古老的建筑保护与习俗传承可见一斑。到了今天,英国王室的一举一动依旧代表着贵族绅士的生活方式,依旧为深信“贵族即荣耀”的英国人所追捧。英国的贵族都是身份高贵或贡献卓越的人物,册封贵族已经成为英国社会对一个人的最高认可。
另一方面,对英国人来讲,王室是日不落帝国的民族象征。尤其,在欧盟日益一体化的过程中,英国王室的存在让英国人独享一份珍贵的“民族身份”,得以延续一种独一无二的传统价值观。所以,在维护国家形象、稳定统一等方面,英国王室仍具有非凡的影响力。
这种全世界瞩目的事件,表面上看似花费很多,实际上带来的回报远远大于消费。王室成员在政治中起得作用不是很大,政府基本都是为王室服务。这是英国的文化传统,类似日本的崇拜天皇。皇室成员有工资的,政府给的。他们不用做什么正规工作,保持公众形象,做些公益活动而已。
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