在国际贸易中常用的装运条款有哪些?

RT 有哪些条款是比较重要的呢?
2024-12-12 13:18:32
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

国际货物买卖合同中的装运条款通常包括装运时间、装运港 (地)和目的港(地)、分批装运和转运、装运通知、滞期和速遣条款等内容。
一、装运时间
装运时间是买卖合同的主要交易条件,卖方必须严格按照规定时间装运货物,如果提前或延迟,均构成违约,买方有权拒收货物、解除合同,同时提出损害赔偿要求。目前常用的有以下几种规定方法。
1.明确规定具体装运时间
明确规定具体的期限,如“Shipment during March 2003”,或规定跨月、跨季度装运。这种规定,卖方可有一定时间进行备货和安排运输,因此,在国际贸易中应用较广。
2.规定在收到信用证后一定时间内装运
如规定“Shipment within 30 days after receipt of L/C”。对某些外汇管制较严的国家和地区,或专为买方制造的特定商品,为了防止买方不按时履行合同而造成损失,可采用这种规定方法。
3.笼统规定近期装运
这种规定方法不规定具体期限,只是用“立即装运”、“尽速装运”等词语表示。由于这类词语在国际上无统一解释,为了避免不必要的纠纷,应尽量避免使用。
装运时间的规定应明确具体,应注意船货衔接的问题,以免造成有货无船或有船无货的局面。
二、装运港(地)和目的港(地)
装运港(Port of Shipping)是指货物起始装运的港口。装运港一般由出口方提出,经进口方同意后确定。目的港(Port of Destination)是货物最后卸货的港口。目的港则由进口方提出,经出口方同意后确定。装运港和目的港可分别规定一个,也可分别规定两个或两个以上,还可以规定选择港。
在规定装运港和目的港对应注意:装运港或目的港的规定,应力求明确具体;不接受内陆城市为装运港或目的港;应注意装卸港的具体条件;应注意国外港口有无重名问题;选择港口不宜过多,并在一条航线上等。
三、分批装运和转运
(一)分批装运(Partial Shipment)
分批装运又称分期装运(Shipment by InstalLment),是指一个合同项下的货物分若干期或若干次装运。凡数量较大,或受运输、市场销售、资金等条件的限制,都可在买卖合同中规定分批装运条款。根据国际商会《跟单信用证统一惯例》规定,“运输单据表面上已注明是使用同上运输工具装运并经同一路线运输,即使运输单据上注明的装运日期不同及域装货港、接受监管地或发运地点不同,只要运输单据注明是同一目的地,将不视为分批装运。”该惯例还规定:“如信用证规定在指定的时期内分期支款及/或分期装运,任何一期未按信用证所规定期限支款/或装运时,信用证对该期及以后各期均告失效。”对这类条款受益人应严格遵守,必须按信用证规定的时间装运货物。

回答2:

用得最多的还是C&F/FOB啊……

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