简述《乐记》的主要内容。
中国音乐史作业啊,求助~
推荐回答(2个)
关于《乐记》的成书年代及其作者,历来有两种说法:
1.《乐记》一书为战国时期孔子的再传弟子公孙尼子所作;
2. 此书是汉儒采用先秦诸家有关音乐的言论编纂而成。
《乐记》一书讨论了音乐的各个方面的内容,主要包括以下几个方面:
1. 关于音乐的本质,《乐记》中有着精辟的论述,肯定音乐是表达情感的艺术,它认为:
“凡音而起,由人心生也,人心之动,物使之然也。”
“凡音者,生人心者也,情动于中,故形于声:声成文,谓之音。”
《乐记》关于音乐本质的论述,具有朴素的唯物主义观点。
2. 关于音乐与政治的关系,《乐记》强调音乐与政治、音乐与社会的密切关系。它认为:
“使故治世之音安以乐,其政和;乱世之音怨以怒,其政乖;亡国之音哀以思,其民困 。声音之道,与政通矣。”
此理论迎合了封建统治者维护自身利益的要求。
3. 关于音乐的社会功能,《乐记》主张使音乐与治理朝政、端正社会风气、礼治、伦理教育等相配合,为统治者的文治武功服务。它认为:
“乐在宗庙之中,君臣上下同听之,则莫不和敬;在族长乡里之中,长幼同听之,则莫不和顺;在闺门之内,父子兄弟同听之,则莫不和亲。故乐者,审一以定和,比物以饰节,节奏合以成文,所以合和父子君臣,附亲万民也,是先王立乐之方也。”
“礼、乐、刑、政,其极一也,所以同民心而出治道。”
“是故先王之政乐也,非以极口腹耳目之欲也,将以教民平好恶,而返人道之正。”
4. 关于音乐的美感认识,《乐记》有比较深层的论述。它强调音乐给人们的愉悦感受是人类生活不可缺少的,它认为:
“夫乐者,乐也,人情之所不能免也。“
《乐记》作为先秦儒学的美学思想的集大成者,其丰富的美学思想,对两多千年来古典音乐的发展有着深刻的影响,并在世界音乐思想史上占有重要的地位。
(不知堂)《乐记》是《礼记》49篇中的一篇。《礼记》中题作《乐记第十九》,约5000余字,包括11子篇:《乐本篇》、《乐论篇》、《乐礼篇》、《乐施篇》、《乐言篇》、《乐象篇》、《乐情篇》、《魏文侯篇》、《宾牟贾篇》、《乐化篇》、《师乙篇》等。据西汉刘向,古代《乐记》共23篇,篇名都记载于他的《别录》一书中。《别录》虽已佚,但唐孔颖达作《礼记注疏》时说,《别录》所载《乐记》的全部篇目,当时还"总存焉",从孔颖达记载看,这23篇除上述11篇之外,还包括《奏乐篇》、《乐器篇》、《乐作篇》、《意始篇》、《乐穆篇》、《说律篇》、《季札篇》、《乐道篇》、《乐义篇》、《昭本篇》、《招颂篇》、《窦公篇》等12篇,这12篇已佚。
《乐记》的作者和时代问题众说纷纭。《汉书�6�1艺文志》载,古乐早已有之,后散失,及秦而灭,汉初"广开献书之路",河间献王以其地方力量搜集古书古乐,与毛生等"共采《周官》及诸子言乐事者",辑成《乐记》。《汉书�6�1艺文志》所列《王禹记》24篇可能就是河间献王所辑《乐记》,不属汉人新作,而属"先秦旧书’。
分析人性论思想及“感于物而动”,论证为何要制礼作乐的认识基础,并通过对“乐”、“和”的字源学考证,将音乐美学的研究与字源学、考古学的研究方法相结合,在上古背景中研究此音乐审美范畴,形成了新的学术成果
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