推荐回答(3个)
亚当斯密说:“每个人都在力图应用他的资本,来使其生产品能得到最大的价值。一般来说,他并不企图增进公共福利,也不知道他所增进的公共福利是多少。他所追求的仅仅是他个人的安乐,仅仅是他个人的利益。在这样做时,有一支看不见的手引导他去促进一种目标,而这种目标决不是他所追求的东西。由于追逐他自己的利益,他经常促进了社会利益,其效果要比他真正想促进社会利益时所得到的效果为大。”
应该说亚当斯密的话反映了人类社会的现实情形。但“由于追逐他自己的利益,他经常促进了社会利益,其效果要比他真正想促进社会利益时所得到的效果为大”吗?我看不是的。
比如说部队的战士,他们守卫边疆仅仅是为了他们自己吗?如果他们仅仅是为了他们自己,当然也可以增进公共的福利,但他们却是不好的战士。好战士守卫边疆是为了整个国家。因为整个国家包含着他自己,所以他守卫边疆是为了他自己,因为整个国家中还包含着其他的人,所以他守卫边疆也是为了其他的人,而不仅仅是为了他自己。应该说只有这样的好战士才可以更好的增加公共福利。
问题是:为什么在现实的人类社会中人们仅仅是为了个人利益,而不是公共福利呢?
我想这是家庭的存在以及财产的分开造成的。因为人们在家庭上是彼此分开的,人们在财产上也是彼此分开的,所以人们更关心的是个人的利益,而不是整体的利益。比如说我与国家在财产上是分开的,我靠我自己的财产生存,我当然更想的是我自己的利益,而不是国家的利益了。
所以要想使所有的战士都成为好的战士,就必须使人们成为一家人,并且使财产也不再分开。这样人们就会成为一个整体。这样人们也就会更好的增进公共福利了。
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/850d057f168884868762d61e.html
As every individual, therefore, endeavors as much he can both to employ his capital in the support of domestic industry, and so to direct that industry that its produce may be of the greatest value; every individual necessarily labors to render the annual revenue of the society as great as he can. He generally, indeed, neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it. By preferring the support of domestic to that of foreign industry, he intends only his own security; and by directing that industry in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention. Nor is it always the worse for the society that it was not part of it. By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it. I have never known much good done by those who affected to trade for the public good.
亚当·斯密的“看不见的手”原文是《国富论》。
亚当·斯密在《国富论》中这样解释“看不见的手”:
“每人都在力图应用他的资本,来使其生产品能得到最大的价值。一般来说,他并不企图增进公共福利,也不知道他所增进的公共福利是多少。他所追求的仅仅是他个人的安乐,仅仅是他个人的利益。 但在这样做时,有一支看不见的手引导他去促进一种目标,而这种目标决不是他所追求的东西。由于追逐他自己的利益,他经常促进了社会利益,其效果要比他真正想促进社会利益时所得到的效果为大。”
以上是亚当·斯密对于“看不见的手”的解释,希望对您有所帮助。
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