为什么说剩余价值转化为利润掩盖了资本主义的剥削关系。
后天要考试的~ 急~
推荐回答(5个)
如果工资还可以的话,资本家谈不上剥削工人。只是工人赚的钱少,资本家赚的钱多,这样贫富差距会越来越大。
而工人付出劳动,身体反而越健康,而资本家不劳动,身体越来差,花的钱要比工人要多得多。
工人的钱虽然在一天天增长,但是没有资本家增长得快而已。
资本家的钱,主要是科技,自然规律帮他赚来的。就好比是他请工人给他种了很多水果树,而水果树种好之后,通过大自然的光合作用自然成长,结出果实。资本家可以收购很多果实了。财富大部分来自大自然的功能。
剩余价值被视为全部预付资本的产物,因此剩余价值转化为利润掩盖了资本主义剥削关系的实质。
在资本主义生产过程中,不变资本和可变资本的耗费表现为生产成本(即成本价格),成本价格小于商品的价值,两者的差额表现为剩余价值。这样,剩余价值表现为成本价格的一个增加额,从而掩盖了资本主义剥削的实质。生产成本对现实的商品生产会发生影响:它的补偿是资本主义再生产的条件,是资本家在竞争中胜败的关键。
在资本主义生产中,不仅耗费的资本在发挥作用,而且包括没有消耗的不变资本部分的全部预付资本都在发挥作用。这样剩余价值就表现为全部预付资本的增加值。当剩余价值被看作是全部预付资本的产物时,就变成了利润;利润是剩余价值的转化形式,剩余价值是利润的本质,它来源于工人的剩余劳动,利润形式掩盖了剩余价值的真正来源。
当剩余价值不被看成是可变资本的产物而被看作是全部预付资本的产物时,它就转化成了利润(p)。利润在本质上就是剩余价值。
利润掩盖了剩余价值的真正来源。因为从表面上看问题,利润表现为全部预付资本的产物,表现为在流通过程中产生,似乎不再是由雇佣工人创造的。所以说,剩余价值转化为利润掩盖了资本主义的剥削关系。
因为利润率=m/c+v 而剩余价值率=m/v 显然剩余价值大于利润。而资本家将工人剩余劳动创造出来的价值解释为利润,这就掩盖了剩余劳动创造的其实是剩余价值的这个事实。于是产生了剥削。工资被表现为"劳动"的价值。但其实应该是"劳动力"的价值。
不变资本和可变资本的区分及其意义
【考点提示】资本在生产过程中以生产资料和劳动力两种生产要素形式存在。马克思根据这两部分资本在剩余价值生产中所起的作用不同,把资本区分为不变资本和可变资本。以生产资料形式存在的资本,在生产过程中只是转移自身的价值.并不发生价值量的变化,叫做不变资本。以劳动力形式存在的资本,它的价值在生产过程中不会转移到新产品中去。因为,资本家购买劳动力时支付给工人的劳动力价值.由工人购买生活资料用于个人消费了。而劳动力在生产过程中创造出的新价值.它不仅再生产出劳动力的价值,而且生产出剩余价值。这部分以劳动力形式存在的资本价值,在生产过程中发生了量的变化.即发生了价值增殖,叫做可变资本。区分不变资本和可变资本的意义在于:第一,进一步揭露了剩余价值的源泉和资本主义剥削的实质;第二,为考察资本主义剥削程度提供了科学依据。
http://edu.sina.com.cn/kaoyan/2008-05-02/1535137341.shtml
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