藏戏是怎样形成的?

2025-02-27 11:06:48
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

西藏和平解放前,西藏地方政府对民间著名的职业、半职业戏班演出的剧目,包括脚本、演出形式、唱词等审查控制十分严格;对每年参加雪顿节演出的戏班出场的先后顺序、演出剧目均有严格规定;对具体表演形式也要按噶厦的意图对每一个剧目的唱、念、表、舞、技等加以规范,凡违反或不能达到要求的,均要面临严厉处罚。藏戏艺人大都是农奴,除奉差演出外,常年要靠劳动和流浪卖艺为生。唯一受官方直接管理的觉木隆巴(蓝面具戏演出戏班),也只有可在全区各地流浪卖艺的权利,每到冬季,也有一到三个月的时间要由演员自谋生路。 1951年西藏和平解放。中共西藏工委宣传部即找觉木隆巴联系,中央代表张经武和西藏工委负责人张国华、谭冠三、范明等领导先后看望了觉木隆藏戏艺人。觉木隆巴戏师扎西顿珠曾于1951年代表藏剧艺人向张经武等提出请求,希望正式建立革命的藏剧团,以获得中国共产党的直接领导。1956年陈毅率中央代表团抵拉萨祝贺西藏自治区筹备委员会成立时,觉木隆巴找到代表团汇报戏班情况,并组织演出了藏剧,受到称赞。从此工委宣传部和自治区筹备委员会文教处就经常组织觉木隆巴在各种重要场合演出藏剧。西藏工委还于1956年组织部分艺人随西藏文艺代表团赴北京参加全国文艺会演。演出结束后,觉木隆藏戏特技演员次仁更巴还被留下作为中国青年代表团的成员,于1957年3月赴莫斯科参加第六届世界青年联欢会,他主演的《西藏热巴舞》获联欢节银质奖章。 1959年西藏实行民主改革后,藏戏迎来了一次新的发展机遇。该年四五月,扎西顿珠从家乡赶回拉萨,向人民政府递交报告,要求将觉木隆巴改编为人民政府领导下的艺术团体。获准后,他将流散西藏各地的四十多位觉木隆巴艺人找了回来,于同年八月成立了拉萨市藏剧队。同年十月一日,藏戏队以剧目《文成公主》参加了庆祝建国十周年专业文艺团体献礼演出活动。1960年西藏歌舞团成立,藏戏团成为其中三个演出团体之一。1962年,西藏藏剧团成立。到1966年,西藏藏剧团陆续上演了《文成公主》、《朗萨雯蚌》、《卓娃桑姆》、《诺桑与云卓》四个大型传统剧目和《苏吉尼玛》、《白玛文巴》的片段;创作了《解放军的恩情》、《幸福证》、《农牧交换》、《英雄占堆》、《血肉情谊》等一批中小型现代戏剧目。1980年年初,自治区藏剧团改编演出了大型传统剧目《文成公主》。同年五月,西藏自治区举办了首届业余藏戏会演,二百多位代表不同风格流派的藏剧演员演出了《卓娃桑姆》、《诺桑法王》、《苏吉尼玛》等传统剧目和《雪山小英雄》等现代剧。同年,自治区藏剧团改编排演的藏剧《朗萨雯蚌》,并赴京参加全国少数民族文艺调演,受到国家民族事务委员会和文化部的奖励。

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