推荐回答(1个)
问:村民老李与老王两家相邻,因村内拓宽道路,分别占用了两家一部分宅基地,村委会就统一在村南空闲地补偿给每家一块宅基地。为方便居住,1998年,老李用旧宅基地对换老王在村南分得的新宅基地,并在本村人民调解委员会调解下签订《调解宅基地协议书》。同时,老王给老李4000元作为对旧宅基地上附着物的补偿。2000年,老李在村南新宅基地盖房子,并办理了宅基地和房屋的登记手续。但到2001年1月,老李一家的原有宅基地及房屋却始终不肯退出,两家为此纠纷不断。老李认为,《调解宅基地协议书》是买卖宅基地的合同,违反《中华人民共和国土地管理法》及相关法律的规定,该协议书无效。那么老李与老王互换宅基地的行为是否合法?村民之间能否互换宅基地?
答:由于法律没有明确规定禁止本集体村民之间互换宅基地的行为,笔者认为,在双方自愿的前提下,村民之间经过批准可以互换宅基地。理由如下:
(1)我国的相关法律和政策虽然禁止宅基地对外流转,但是没有禁止宅基地和住房在本集体内部转让和互换。根据《中华人民共和国土地管理法》第六十二条第四款“农村村民出卖、出租住房后,再申请宅基地的,不予批准”,《国土资源部关于加强农村宅基地管理的意见》(国土资发〔2004〕234号)“严禁城镇居民在农村购置宅基地,严禁为城镇居民在农村购买和违法建造的住宅发放土地使用证”等相关法律法规和政策的规定,我国禁止宅基地向本集体经济组织以外的人员转让,特别禁止向城镇居民转让。但是,我国的法律法规政策和实践并不禁止对于本集体内符合新申请宅基地条件的成员,在本集体内部流转宅基地,也不禁止本集体内村民之间互换宅基地。
(2)本集体的村民之间互换宅基地必须坚持自愿的原则,并履行有关批准程序。互换宅基地,究竟具体应当履行什么审批程序,目前没有明确的规定。但是目前我国农村村民取得宅基地的程序,按照《中华人民共和国土地管理法》和《国土资源部关于加强农村宅基地管理的意见》的规定,一般是由村民向本集体经济组织提出申请,经乡镇人民政府审核后,由县级人民政府批准。互换宅基地的审批程序不应严于宅基地的取得审批程序。在本案中,老李与老王互换宅基地完全属于本人自愿,并经过本村人民调解委员会调解,签订了《调解宅基地协议书》,且老李2000年在互换后的新宅基地上盖了房,并办理了宅基地和房屋的登记手续。由于宅基地由县级国土资源主管部门报经县级人民政府批准之后登记发证,老李的新宅基地办理了登记发证,视同经过了县级人民政府的批准。因此在本案中,老李与老王互换宅基地的行为是合法的。
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