葡萄糖的醛基被氧化成羧基形成葡萄糖酸C6H12O7,结构简式CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH,同时MnO4-被还原成Mn2+,,5C6H12O6 ++2MnO4- + 6H+ = 5C6H12O7++ 2Mn2++ 3H2O