首先，关于提高听力的部分：
这是一篇Listening Skills and Leadership里的相关段落：
Listening skills are important in management and in developing leadership skills because managers and administrators must rely on information as it is relayed from their staff, co-workers and colleagues. One research study frames the importance of listening skills in this way: "The average individual spends from 42 to 60 percent of daily communication time listening...Yet most people are inefficient listeners; they forget, ignore, or misunderstand up to 75 percent of what they hear..." (Lynott, 1998, para.5). That is a large percentage of information that is either forgotten or generally unheeded.
这是Effective Listening Skills in the Workplace Environment里的：
In the work place environment, there are many factors that help determine an organization's ability and skill in maintaining the stability and organization among its employees/members. One of these factors includes attaining an organizational communication process through effective communication skills. The most prominent forms used by most organizations are the development of verbal and non-verbal communication since these are the most obvious ways of communication that provide a dialogue for employees and the management in an organization. However, what is not realized by both the employees and management is that listening is one important communication aspect that precedes verbal and non-verbal communication. This means that in order to attain effective communication verbally or non-verbally, communicators must first learn to listen in order to assess carefully the issues at hand and the required action that must be taken
这是Effective Listening Skills里的：
Listening is the awareness of, the tendency to, the organization of, and the operationalization of data entering our nervous system via our hearing mechanism. Unlike hearing which is a physiological passive activity, listening is an active cognitive process" (Petrass 1999). We spend much of our time having to listen. Listening is critical in almost all activities of our lives- in attending meetings and conferences, lectures, in giving and receiving instructions, and helping staff and customers. Listening is hard work and takes energy and effort. Effective listening requires certain skills that must be practiced. One must be able to do nothing but listen with all his attention and concentration. Johnson (1996) says, "The contrast between hearing and really listening can be as different as night and day
然后，关于提高表达能力的部分：
这是Interpersonal Skills中的：
What is clear from various articles an references that one can read about the importance of using and improving interpersonal skills is that, more than ever, you'll be left behind if you don't have those skills. Computers alone cannot communicate a personal approach - the dedication and loyalty, the know-how, and the ability to deal with members of your team, as well as those above and below you on the job. One has to think of the late President Ronald Reagan, who was known as "The Great Communicator" because, regardless of his politics and policies, he had the knack of communicating so everyone seemed to approve, at least of how he said what he had to say. There are not enough "good" communicators today. It is really important that managers or would-be managers, or those studying business in schools spend a lot of time learning how to deal both with their bosses as well as subordinates
还有，关于理解能力及其提高过程：
这是Interpretation中的：
In his essay "", Mailloux is trying to establish what interpretation actually means and how people do it. He first defines the most common meaning of interpretation, which is to translate. Interpretation is essentially a word that has been translated from Latin, where its original meaning was "explanation". Mailloux presents the idea that interpretation is a translation of a text, for an audience that desires a translation
以上都是英语母语人写的，语法都没错
原始材料，怎么用就看你自己了。
另外，你还可以到这个网上自己搜
哪有这么找论文材料的啊？
这要自己去找。给你介绍几个网站
维普信息资源系统 http://vipzk.juhe.com.cn/
维普信息资源系统 http://hk.wanfangdata.com/
中国期刊网 http://166.111.88.20/index.htm
ERIC英语教学文摘档案库
http://www.eric-web/tc.columbia.edu/abstracts
不过，这些网站大多是要钱的。可是有的学校有开通就可以进的去。
还有一些网站，就是各高校的图书馆网站都是很有用的。
ask http://ask.com/
answer http://answers.com/
中国英语教师网 http://www.englishteachers.com.cn/
以上就是我写论文时用的网站。。。希望你能用的着。。
哈哈，虽然离题了。。
How to improve Listening and expresse Skills in interpretation
In general, the measure of a person spoken mainly depends on the level of the following areas:
1. Voice, tone is correct, Kouchi is clear;
2. Fluency;
3. Grammar is correct, whether it is appropriate to term, whether the English expression habits;
4. Whether the full, the logic is clear.
These are conversations the ability to measure the main criteria. Against the above criteria, to take the training methods, there are generally for two stages.
The first stage: the preparation phase, mainly to imitate. Recitation. Repeat exercises. Objective is to train the right voice. Tone. Improve fluency and English language training flu. At the same time, through various methods, such as reading. Exercises to do, listening to English tapes, videos and movies in English, to expand vocabulary. English master the habit of expression, expanding knowledge and training in logical thinking ability in English, prepared before the conversation, the term commonly used to the (group), phrases such as master, "skilled" is the prerequisite for conversations with people, only skilled in the conversation When can fluently. Proficiency standard is to be achieved without thinking. Tuokouerchu.
Stage 2: Practice stage, a lot of conversation exercises, with others dialogue, discussion, can be the basis of good practice interpretation, the English-speaking their own stories, and so on.
(A) to imitate
Imitation is the main method of learning a foreign language, imitation principles: First, we must loudly imitate. This is important, when to imitate Dataifangfang, clearly, Yibanyiyan, lip-should be in place, we can not Niuniunienie, pushed stingy in the eyes of Durang Sang. Has just begun to imitate, some slower speed, so that the sound of the place, the sound of the paternity of the prospective after further speed up the pace. Speed can be used until the normal sentence that he easily out Tuokouerchu.
Shouted the purpose is to mimic the muscle fully oral activities, the muscles of change over the years formed the habit of campaign mode (Chinese pronunciation of the campaign mode), mouth and brain gradually coordinate and establish a new model of oral muscle movements (in English See also the campaign mode). If pushed in practice, always in the eyes of Du Sang Sang, once the need to speak loudly, it may sound, no, errors. Second, we must always ready to correct themselves not a good word. Phrases such as. With this awareness, in imitation when not feel monotonous. Boring, can take the initiative. A sense of a destination to imitate, such imitation is the real imitation, to achieve the purpose of copying, the intention is to be figured out later, experience. Third, we must adhere to long-term imitation. Generally speaking, true. Beautiful voice, tone is not possible to imitate the short-term, the British people on the basis of the doctrine of American English is so, the Chinese used to say that the theory of English people especially. Excessive need for a period of time, for the duration of the degree of concentration in the Zi Xuezhe. Imitation is the practice of Kucha Shi, often Liande Kouganshezao, at this time must adhere to, He Koushui continue to practice. Practicing imitate and water heating is a token, the fire burned today, just hot water on the dismantling of the fire, tomorrow is the case, the water is not always open burning.
To imitate the standard: to what extent should imitate to be a good imitation? » He said that is simple to "like," If we can achieve "is" better, but not necessarily to achieve "." "Like" refers to imitate the voice, tone, and so on are very close to the imitation of the language, "is" is not only in voice. Tone of the areas are close by imitating the voice, but also very realistic. Even have the basic voice, it can be confused as real ones. We do not require it is impossible to achieve this level.
Mimic the specific methods, the first step, imitating the voice of Belcher word. Imitate when Yibanyiyan, lip-to the right, oral muscles to fully mobilize, has just begun to imitate, not excessive speed, and slow to imitate, so that the sound of the place, the question to launch an attack on the sound after further speed up the pace, with normal Speed has repeatedly said rereading more, until we can reach not want to use the normal sentence Speed said he easily out (Tuokouerchu), not allowed to read for themselves or to be more unfamiliar words repeatedly to listen to rereading, and then repeated copying, a The word a word to practice, common in those who work hard word, as some like to imitate. The second step, copying the phrase read. With the basis of the first step, this step on a lot easier. Emphasis should be placed on proficiency and fluency, it is necessary to train more than the linking. The bursting of the loss, not completely burst, assimilation, such as voice skills. Step 4, paragraphs and chapters to imitate, the focus is to improve fluency. Open radio with cassette recorder or imitate, "he" that you imitate, the same time. Aims to improve the response rate of oral muscles, muscle and the brain more coordinated.
Imitation practice, attention should be paid to a question, that is shy psychological. On the one hand, stems from psychological shy character, to the general character of the person, his speech, easily pushed stingy, which is learning English tone of voice is very negative, we should pay attention to overcome. On the other hand stems from the mental inferiority, always thought that their poor standard of English, did not dare open, especially when spoken with the high level of the people than their own dialogue, the more this situation. To overcome this psychological barrier, is the premise of learning spoken language.
(B) repeat
English can not be separated from memory, not rote memory, to be flexible. Repeat is a very good training in self-spoken, word memory. In the form of the sentence.
There are two repeat common approach. First, repeat after reading, listening to tape after the first repeat. I think after some ways better, this method is Lianting Li, practicing oral expression. At the same time, can increase the concentration of attention, listening to enhance the effectiveness, but also can increase memory, to forget after listening to overcome the defects.
Specific methods: To step by step, from 12, after having heard their own words (in English) to hear the contents say it, do not repeat it again down, can listen more to rereading, the training efforts of a few more hard of hearing Less. In the beginning of practice, because of language ability, skills and other reasons, often repeat closer to recite, but gradually breaks in the foundation, will gradually open up, by the "dead" to "live." In ensuring the correct language, under the premise that more can repeat the great flexibility, such as changes in sentence structure, by deleting some useful little or too difficult things can shorten the long, or even only to repeat the effect or to make Syria content.
To repeat the contents have a choice. Generally speaking, the contents of the selected information to specific vivid, a clear plot, words of not too much. Optional those strong knowledge of small essays. At the beginning of practice can repeat stories, a foundation, can be extended to repeat the themes more open.
Repeat the surface slowly, and in fact the English ability of the comprehensive training helpful. If time than adequate, can repeat on the basis of oral, then written to repeat, it can be better grasp of the language level of accuracy, improving writing skills.
How to improve Listening and expresse Skills in interpretation
In general, the measure of a person spoken mainly depends on the level of the following areas:
1. Voice, tone is correct, Kouchi is clear;
2. Fluency;
3. Grammar is correct, whether it is appropriate to term, whether the English expression habits;
4. Whether the full, the logic is clear.
These are conversations the ability to measure the main criteria. Against the above criteria, to take the training methods, there are generally for two stages.
The first stage: the preparation phase, mainly to imitate. Recitation. Repeat exercises. Objective is to train the right voice. Tone. Improve fluency and English language training flu. At the same time, through various methods, such as reading. Exercises to do, listening to English tapes, videos and movies in English, to expand vocabulary. English master the habit of expression, expanding knowledge and training in logical thinking ability in English, prepared before the conversation, the term commonly used to the (group), phrases such as master, "skilled" is the prerequisite for conversations with people, only skilled in the conversation When can fluently. Proficiency standard is to be achieved without thinking. Tuokouerchu.
Stage 2: Practice stage, a lot of conversation exercises, with others dialogue, discussion, can be the basis of good practice interpretation, the English-speaking their own stories, and so on.
(A) to imitate
Imitation is the main method of learning a foreign language, imitation principles: First, we must loudly imitate. This is important, when to imitate Dataifangfang, clearly, Yibanyiyan, lip-should be in place, we can not Niuniunienie, pushed stingy in the eyes of Durang Sang. Has just begun to imitate, some slower speed, so that the sound of the place, the sound of the paternity of the prospective after further speed up the pace. Speed can be used until the normal sentence that he easily out Tuokouerchu.
Shouted the purpose is to mimic the muscle fully oral activities, the muscles of change over the years formed the habit of campaign mode (Chinese pronunciation of the campaign mode), mouth and brain gradually coordinate and establish a new model of oral muscle movements (in English See also the campaign mode). If pushed in practice, always in the eyes of Du Sang Sang, once the need to speak loudly, it may sound, no, errors. Second, we must always ready to correct themselves not a good word. Phrases such as. With this awareness, in imitation when not feel monotonous. Boring, can take the initiative. A sense of a destination to imitate, such imitation is the real imitation, to achieve the purpose of copying, the intention is to be figured out later, experience. Third, we must adhere to long-term imitation. Generally speaking, true. Beautiful voice, tone is not possible to imitate the short-term, the British people on the basis of the doctrine of American English is so, the Chinese used to say that the theory of English people especially. Excessive need for a period of time, for the duration of the degree of concentration in the Zi Xuezhe. Imitation is the practice of Kucha Shi, often Liande Kouganshezao, at this time must adhere to, He Koushui continue to practice. Practicing imitate and water heating is a token, the fire burned today, just hot water on the dismantling of the fire, tomorrow is the case, the water is not always open burning.
To imitate the standard: to what extent should imitate to be a good imitation? » He said that is simple to "like," If we can achieve "is" better, but not necessarily to achieve "." "Like" refers to imitate the voice, tone, and so on are very close to the imitation of the language, "is" is not only in voice. Tone of the areas are close by imitating the voice, but also very realistic. Even have the basic voice, it can be confused as real ones. We do not require it is impossible to achieve this level.
Mimic the specific methods, the first step, imitating the voice of Belcher word. Imitate when Yibanyiyan, lip-to the right, oral muscles to fully mobilize, has just begun to imitate, not excessive speed, and slow to imitate, so that the sound of the place, the question to launch an attack on the sound after further speed up the pace, with normal Speed has repeatedly said rereading more, until we can reach not want to use the normal sentence Speed said he easily out (Tuokouerchu), not allowed to read for themselves or to be more unfamiliar words repeatedly to listen to rereading, and then repeated copying, a The word a word to practice, common in those who work hard word, as some like to imitate. The second step, copying the phrase read. With the basis of the first step, this step on a lot easier. Emphasis should be placed on proficiency and fluency, it is necessary to train more than the linking. The bursting of the loss, not completely burst, assimilation, such as voice skills. Step 4, paragraphs and chapters to imitate, the focus is to improve fluency. Open radio with cassette recorder or imitate, "he" that you imitate, the same time. Aims to improve the response rate of oral muscles, muscle and the brain more coordinated.
Improving Listening and Expressing Skills in Interpretation 的意思是“提高口译听说技能训练”
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