推荐回答(3个)
解同余方程组:x≡6(mod11) x≡3(mod 8 ) x≡11(mod20)
解:
等效于同余式组
(
x==6 mod 11 (#1#)
x==3 mod 8 (#2#)
x==11 mod 4 (#3#)
x==11 mod 5 (#4#)
其中,用==表示同余号。
)
即求他们的解集的交集。
其中 (#2#)的解集是(#3#)的解集的真子集。故原同余式组等效于
(
x==6 mod 11 (#1#)
x==3 mod 8 (#2#)
x==1 mod 5 (#4#转化而来)
)
后文详解得答案为
x==171 mod 440.
过程如下:
x==
(6/ (8*5) mod 11) *8*5+
(3/ (11*5) mod 8) *11*5+
(1/ (11*8) mod 5) *11*8
(
注1:其中 x== b/a mod m 用来简化表示 ax == b mod m。我首次见到是在洪伯阳先生的著作中,我常称之为洪伯阳同余表示。在其分子与分母上可以使用同余性质、比例性质、带分数性质即作为假分数、带分数来处理等等。后来发现其他著作中也有,时间先后我没有考证。
下面为表达与计算上的方便,采用我个人引入的模积表示法。我察觉到其形式的对称性,并考虑到了计算的对称性及其同余本质,十分方便计算。以下使用模积表示式进行计算。
注2:上式简化表示为以下形式,称为模积表示。为方便理解写了很多。实际上,有很多过程用心算来完成,可以快速得解。
(
6/ (8*5) @ 11)
3/ (11*5) @ 8)
1/ (11*8) @ 5
)
)
==
6/ -4 @ 11
3/-1 @ 8
1/3 @5
==
-3/2==(-3+11)/2=4 @ 11
-3 @ 8
(1+5)/3=2 @ 5
==
4 @ 11
-3 @ 8
2 @ 5
==
4*8-3*11 @ 8*11
2 @5
==
-1 @ 88
2 @ 5
==
176-5 mod 88*5
==171 mod 440
理解了这种方法,对中国剩余定理的本质就更深入一步了。
更多资料,请百度搜索
wsktuuytyh 模积计数法
或
wsktuuytyh 洪伯阳同余表示
或
wsktuuytyh 不定方程
(注:其中来源我的现有姓名何冬州的五笔编码)
事实上,容易看出等效于
x==
6 mod 11
11 mod 8
11 mod 20
==
6 mod 11
11 mod 40
==
11+
(y==
-5 mod 11
0 mod 40
)
y==
-5/40 @ 11
0/11 @ 40
==
6/-4 @ 11
0 @ 40
==
4 @ 11
0 @ 40
==160
X==11+Y==171 MOD 440
解:本题应该这样求解,
计算 8和20的公倍数里面,120,mod11,余数为6。
然后计算 11与20的公倍数里面的要么是220*n, mod8 余数为 4,8,不能出现1,所以这个题根本没有解。
原方程组等价于x=6(mod11) ,x=3(mod 8),x=11(mod4) ,x=11(mod 5)
注意到x=3(mod 8)是x=11(mod4)的解的真子集,故等价于
x=6(mod11) ,x=3(mod 8),x=11(mod 5)
由于11,8,5两两互质,所以剩下的工作交给中国剩余定理
最后得到171是一个解,故通解为x=171(mod440)
一般结论:对于模不互质的情形,首先要检验,即任意两个有公约数的模对于最大公约数是否同余
如本题(8,20)=4,且3=11(mod4),符合
其次,列出等价同余方程组,其原则为所有的模数分解质因子为标准形,然后取每个质因子的最高次幂,并写出相应同余方程
本题,11是质数,8=2^3,20=2^2*5,因此模数分别取11,8,5对应同余方程为
x=6(mod11) ,x=3(mod 8),x=11(mod 5)
最后,由于每个同余方程的模取自不同质数的幂,故互质,所以用中国剩余定理得到一个特解,从而得到通解
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