推荐回答(3个)
难得糊涂的郑板桥
一纸“难得糊涂”,使清代书画家,文学家郑燮——郑板桥享誉天下,也道出了其一生处事为人的宗旨。郑板桥,江苏兴化人,应科举为康熙秀才,雍正举人,乾隆元年丙辰科进士(二甲88 名),曾任山东范县、维县知县,在任时帮助农民胜讼及办理赈济,为百姓办了很多好事。因得罪豪绅被免职。在民间流传的他戏弄豪强、贪官的故事很多。
郑板桥作官前后均居杨州卖画,擅写兰竹,以草书中竖长撇法运笔,体貌疏朗,风格劲峭。工书法,用隶体参入行楷,自称“六分半书”。能诗文,描写民间疾苦颇为深切。
当时江苏扬州有八位代表画家,其书画能不拘前人陈规,独具风格,画风有和所谓“正统”所不同,被时人视为画坛的“偏师”、“怪物”,称他们为“扬州八怪”,郑板桥即为其中一怪。
六世同堂进士之家
清乾隆五十二年丁未科有位进士叫谢启祚,广东人,九十八岁时参加第一次乡试,直至乾隆51年才中举。在鹿鸣宴上,谢与十二岁的中举童子同席,前去祝贺的巡抚大人见此情景,当场挥毫题诗两句“老人南极天边见,童子春风座上来”,这两句诗很快传开,成为一时的趣闻,次年谢进京会试得中,授国子监司业。乾隆八十大寿他以在京官员身份贺寿,乾隆见他百岁高龄如此潇洒,特加恩,晋为鸿胪寺卿,并赐诗匾。这时他的家眷中先后已有两妻两妾,男儿二十三人,女儿十二人,孙子二十九人,曾孙三十八人,还有玄孙二人,是六世同堂之家了。
抓阄抓出的状元
崇祯皇帝继位后,很想有所作为,使积弱的未明王朝能有一些起色。所以非常注重人才的选拔。明崇祯元年戊辰科考试,是第一次由他亲自选才,因而特别注重。殿试阅卷后,阅卷大臣将精心挑选的前三十六名的卷子呈上,他怀疑凭自己的眼力未必能选出真才,就将前三十六名进士的姓名抄下,作成阄,放入罐内,用金筷子去挟,挟出的第一个是刘若宰,他不放心放回去重挟,如是者三,所得的都是刘若宰,他以为这是天意,逐定刘为状元。
状元外交家
清同治七年戊辰科状元洪钧,是个外交上的传奇人物,又是知名学者,他的政治生涯大多是与外国人打交道,他的私人生活又与当时名妓赛金花连在一起。所以其名气是和外交、洋人、才华、风流交织成一体的。洪钧曾任翰林院修撰,兵部侍郎。光绪登基后,器重他的才学,晋升内阁学士。这期间其母病故,回家服丧,按例应当三年,但由于外交的急需,三月便返朝,受命为德、俄、奥、荷四国特命公使。在服丧时洪结识了红遍苏州的名妓赛金花,两人初会便情意绸缪,不久便结连理。洪接到出使的密令后,便携新婚妻子赴任,洪精通德、俄文,才华出人,再加上高贵典雅的赛金花做点缀,那些外交界的老手几乎都为之惊叹、折服,尽管赛金花比洪小三十二岁,但二人感情很好,可是好景不长,在洪回国后的第三年,就一病不起,将年仅二十四岁的赛金花留在了人间。
背驼负乾坤,胸高满经纶
刘墉是清乾隆十六年辛未科二甲第二名,是极具传奇的人物,关于他与乾隆皇帝之间的故事可谓路人皆知。是科,本拟刘墉为状元,乾隆皇帝见其名为"墉"说:状元怎能用"墉"碌之人,我要当面看看。殿试时一看刘墉,便 有几分不喜,想当面难他下,让刘以自身为题,吟诗一首,刘看出圣意,随口呤道:
背驼负乾坤,胸高满经纶。
一眼辨忠奸,单腿跳龙门。
丹心扶社稷,涂脑谢皇恩。
以貌取才者,岂是贤德人。
有一天,郑板桥出郊外漫步,见路旁新设一座酒店,店内有一位老者自称“怪叟”,他见郑板桥到来,十分殷勤,马上给端上狗肉来款待。郑板桥平日最爱吃狗肉,一见大喜,便饱餐一顿。付钱时,店家分文不收,郑板桥过意不去,便当场作了几幅书画赠给店家。事过之后,郑板桥才知道上了当。原来这位“怪臾”,是那富豪派人装扮的,自己的画就这样轻易地落入了富豪之手。后来郑板桥常提及此事,说他因爱吃狗肉而上了当,用以警戒世人。
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