变复数:
以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies.4)以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs, proof s, chiefs.
以o结尾的名词,有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos.
不规则名词:foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→me n, woman→women, sheep→sheep, deer→deer, mouse→mice.
某些外来词变复数:datum→data, medium→media, bacterium→bacteria, curriculum→curricula, criterion→criteria, phenomenon→phenomena. (um/on→a)analysis→analyses, basis→bases, crisis→crises, diagnosis→diagnoses.(is→es )
复合名词变复数:以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式,如:homework.
以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数,前后两个名词都变复数,如:manservant→menservants, woman student women students.
其它复合名词变复数:grownup→grownups, brotherinlaw→brothersinlaw, standby→standsby.
变ing:
一般情况下直接加
辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i加ing.
单词只有一个音节时,双写最后一个字母加ing.
末尾是y结尾的要变y为i加es