果树树势弱怎样施化肥?

2025-03-06 00:44:37
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

  当前,果树施肥存在一些问题。如施肥位置不根据根系分布状况决定;有的果农认为施肥量越多效果越好;施肥时间依农事忙闲而定;施肥种类随意安排,只重视大量元素,忽视微量元素;不按叶分析施肥等。如何才能使果园施肥更趋合理呢?

  施肥离树干远近和深浅要合适.果树水平根分布范围多是冠径的2--4倍,所以,通常在树冠垂直投影的外缘位置(果园满冠或已郁闭的果园除外)。施肥深度以树龄、土壤状况、根系分布深度而定;一般施基肥深度30--80厘米。离树干越近,施肥沟(穴)越浅。施基肥沟(穴)要深,追肥要深(10--15厘米)。

  施肥量因树、土壤、肥料而定。树龄越大,施肥越多;土质肥力差的园片应多施,肥力好的园片应少施;弱树多施,强树少施;果多树多施,果少树少施。施基肥量按每生产1公斤果实施1.5--2公斤基肥比例施入。一般亩施厩肥不低于5000公斤,但施鸡粪不宜超过4000公斤。如基肥不足,可追施几次化肥。

  其量也要因树龄、土壤肥力、树势、果量等而定。

  施肥期因树而定。基肥应于9月初至10月底之前施入,且越昌越好,有利于断根再生与发挥肥效;追肥应在萌芽前、花期几个时期的情况下追施。根外追肥期可结合喷药混喷,也可单喷,如硼肥在花期,氮肥在生长前期,磷钾肥在中、后期施入。

  选择适合肥料。如有机肥应选已经腐熟的肥料。化肥应选氮磷钾和需要的某种微量元素(硼、铁、锌、钙等)。即树缺哪种元素,就施哪种元素,氮肥尽可能选用氨态氮、尿素等,化肥必须是国家批准的有商标登记的肥料。

  施肥方式灵活掌握。应以地面施肥(基肥追肥)为主,辅以树上喷肥(微肥等)。近年,兴起树干涂肥(氨基酸复合微肥、某种营养元素)或注射、输液施肥,要因具体情况而定。如钙肥,因钙在树体中运转困难,果实套袋后,钙进入果实的量明显减少,加之环剥果实严重缺钙;树上喷洒,因有纸袋、膜袋阻隔,难以补钙,这段时间,用枝干涂抹、输液、注射法补钙,会更直接有效些。果树普遍缺铁或锌等也可用同法解决。

回答2:

为什么新移栽树木整株叶片出现萎焉,树势衰弱?
可能是根部积水烂根,或出现空洞造成根系晾根萎缩及栽植过深抑制根系呼吸,致使根系无法从土壤中吸收养分、水分,树体脱水,树势减弱。
具体办法:
在土球外围掏个土洞,并逐步向里检查根系情况,发现根系腐烂,用手锯将腐烂根切掉,剪出新生组织并用跟茂和激禾(30%乙蒜素)喷根,然后用快活林愈伤膏涂抹封闭伤口;并回填土将根部盖住,一天后,可用快活林生根液和复生灵一起浇灌,消毒杀菌促生根。如发现空洞应及时填土捣实然后回填土,覆土厚度不易过厚。

回答3:

下面是几种树势的调节,供你参考:

1、树体冒条较多,抽生的秋梢较长,枝条硬度大;营养生长强于生殖生长,花芽难以形成,叶片较大,果个较小。调节措施:控制肥水,减少氮肥的施用量;适当疏除过密旺枝;开张主枝角度;去除大枝时造伤;综合运用转枝、拉枝、刻芽、环割、喷促花素等措施分散极性,促进花芽形成;尽可能多留果,以果压冠。

  2、整个树大量冒条,一年生枝条的长度有的在2米以上,年生长量很大;全树无果,也不成花,枝条硬度大,叶片大。调节措施:这类树采取单一的调节措施很难控制生长,应综合运用各种调节措施,严格控制肥水,可全年不施肥、不浇水;有的情况下可采取断根、环剥等激烈手段;拉开主枝角度,枝条较粗大者可采用“连三锯”的办法;在早春发芽前可配合树形改造去除部分大枝;在9月可带叶疏除部分大枝和冒条;综合运用转枝、拉枝、拿枝、环割、喷促花素等措施分散极性,促进成花。

  3、上部枝条长势强旺,冒条较多,主枝较粗,枝条夹角较小,枝叶量较大,占据了大量光热资源,由于营养生长强旺,较难成花结果;下部枝条长势较弱,光照差,病虫害滋生,也很难成花结果。对这类树要抑强扶弱。上部枝条的调节措施:疏除较密的直立枝,去除过密的枝上大枝及枝头大枝;开张主枝角度;将部分一年生枝条和部分结果枝组从基部拉枝下垂。下部枝条的调节措施:对于过长的主枝及部分枝条可回缩复壮;对于一些位置过低的主枝可直接去除,注意斜锯留桩,及时处理伤口;对于开张角度过大的主枝,可采取上吊的措施,扶起枝头。全树注意加强肥水管理和病虫害的防治。

  4、下部主枝较多且长势比较强旺,有些主枝粗度甚至超过中干,上部枝条长势较弱。这类树的主要矛盾在下部。调节措施:适当去除1~2个下部主枝;开张下部主枝角度;适当疏除下部主枝上的过大枝及枝头过大枝;对下部枝条综合运用拉枝、转枝、拿枝、环割、刻芽、疏枝、喷促花素等措施分散极性,促进下部大枝成花结果;根据情况从下部大枝上面直接去除中干和上部枝条,改造成开心形,改造后,注意加强肥水管理,做好病虫害防治工作。

回答4:

叶面

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