推荐回答(5个)
应尽可能解除或减轻患者过重的心理负担和压力,帮助患者解决生活和工作中的实际困难及问题,提高患者应对能力,并积极为其创造良好的环境。
治疗原则
(1)个体化治疗原则 需要考虑患者性别、年龄、主要症状、躯体情况、是否合并使用药物、首发或复发、既往治疗史等多方面因素,选择合适的药物,从较低剂量起始,根据患者反应滴定。治疗过程中需要密切观察治疗反应、不良反应以及可能出现的药物相互作用等及时调整,提高患者的耐受性和依从性。
(2)综合治疗原则 应采取药物治疗、物理治疗、心理治疗和危机干预等措施的综合运用,提高疗效、改善依从性、预防复发和自杀、改善社会功能和生活质量。
(3)长期治疗原则 由于双相障碍几乎终身以循环方式反复发作,其发作的频率远较抑郁障碍为高,因此应坚持长期治疗原则。
1急性期治疗目的是控制症状、缩短病程;巩固期治疗目的是防止症状复燃、促使社会功能的恢复;维持期治疗目的在于防止复发、维持良好社会功能,提高生活质量。
2.药物治疗最主要的治疗药物是抗躁狂药碳酸锂和抗癫痫药(丙戊酸盐、卡马西平、拉莫三嗪等),它们又被称为心境稳定剂。对于有明显兴奋躁动的患者,可以合并抗精神病药物,包括经典抗精神病药氟哌啶醇、氯丙嗪和非典型抗精神病药奥氮平、喹硫平、利培酮、齐拉西酮、阿立哌唑等。严重的患者可以合并改良电抽搐治疗。对于难治性患者,可以考虑氯氮平合并碳酸锂治疗。治疗中需要注意药物不良反应和相互作用。对于双相抑郁患者,原则上不主张使用抗抑郁药物,因其容易诱发躁狂发作、快速循环发作或导致抑郁症状慢性化,对于抑郁发作比较严重甚至伴有明显消极行为者、抑郁发作在整个病程中占据绝大多数者以及伴有严重焦虑、强迫症状者可以考虑在心境稳定剂足量治疗的基础上,短期合并应用抗抑郁药,一旦上述症状缓解,应尽早减少或停用抗抑郁药。
3.物理治疗急性重症躁狂发作、伴有严重消极的双相抑郁发作或难治性双相障碍可采用改良电抽搐(MECT)治疗,但应适当减少药物剂量。对于轻中度的双相抑郁发作可考虑重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)治疗。
参考资料http://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8F%8C%E7%9B%B8%E9%9A%9C%E7%A2%8D?fromtitle=%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F%E9%9A%9C%E7%A2%8D&fromid=5254373&type=syn&sefr=cr#5
你好!双向情感障碍的病人主要的症状就是心境容易产生波动,临床可能出现容易大起大悲的现象!但是其实也没什么可怕的,它其实也是属于抑郁症的一种范畴,目前其实已经挺普遍了!首先,患者一定要去正规的心理专科去好好治疗,服药的服药,心境稳定剂非常重要!还需要定期门诊,和医生好好沟通,有必要住院的话希望家属能够让患者去三甲医院住,最好精神专科的三甲医院,不介意患者去住普通的市级医院,毕竟环境会差很多!
如果,上面的没事的话,患者是处于康复阶段或者情绪可以稳定的话,其实在保证上述正确服药和定期门诊的基础上,患者其实能过上正常的生活的,不要有太大心理负担,没事的,如果能坚持正常的工作和学习还是一定要坚持,这个也是很重要的!至于平时还有什么地方注意,那就是要注意劳逸结合,家属也要稍微留心点,如果发现患者情绪很激动或者躁动的现象,还是希望能够和主治医生及时联系或者下次去复诊的时候和医生提一下!还有就是晚上最好不要超过11点钟后睡觉,最好养成良好的作息规律!
我大致只能介绍这么多了!谢谢!
由于这类疾病比较复杂且特殊,所以家属在照料的时候一定要保护好自己,以免不小心被病人伤害到,平日里要保持病人的居住环境安静,不去人多拥挤的地方,日常饮食要清淡些不吃辛辣刺激的食物,以免引发病情发作,同时也要督促病人按时吃药做康复训练才是,
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