位置检测装置的种类和它们分别安装在机床哪些部位

2025-03-28 16:23:53
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

  位置检测装置
  一、位置检测装置的分类和要求
  位置检测装置是闭环进给伺服系统的重要组成部分,其精度在很大程度上由位置检测装置的进度决定。现在,检测元件与系统的最高水平:被测部件的最高移动速度240m/min时,检测位移分辨率1um;24m/min时,分辨率0.1um;最高分辨率可达0.01um。
  对位置检测装置的要求:
  1) 受温度、湿度的影响小,工作可靠,能长期保持精度,抗干扰能力强;
  2) 在机床执行部件移动范围内,能满足精度和速度要求;
  3) 使用维护方便,适应机床工作环境。
  4) 成本低。
  (一)数字式和模拟式测量(所获得的信号不同)
  1.数字式测量
  将被测量以数字的方式表示。测量信号一般为电脉冲,可直接送到数控装置进行比较处理和显示。这样的检测装置有:光栅检测装置、脉冲编码器。装置比较简单,抗干扰能力强。
  2.模拟式测量
  将被测量用连续变量表示。如:电压的幅值变化、相位变化。对相位变化的量可直接送数控装置与移相的指令电压进行比较,对幅值变化的量,可先将其转换为数字脉冲信号,再送数控装置进行比较和显示。这类装置有:旋转变压器、感应同步器。
  (二)增量式和绝对式测量(测量方式不同)
  1.增量式测量
  只测出位移的增量,并用数字脉冲的个数来表示单位位移的数量。
  由于位移的距离是由增量值累积求得,所以,一旦某处测量有误,则其后所得的位移距离都是错误的。
  由于不能指示绝对坐标位置,当因事故断电停机检查,执行部件的位置发生变化后,不能由检修后的位置直接回到停机时的原位,而要先回到加工程序的起始位置,并计算出起点到停机位置的距离,才能用位移指令,令执行部件移回停机时的位置,以便继续加工。光栅、脉冲编码器、旋转变压器、感应同步器、磁尺都是增量式检测装置。
  2.绝对式测量
  能测出被测部件在某一绝对坐标系中的绝对坐标值,并以二进制或二十进制数码信号表示。需要转换成脉冲数字信号才能送去比较和显示。有:绝对式脉冲编码盘、三速式绝对编码盘。结构复杂,分辨率与位移量都受限制。

此外,根据安装测量位置,有直接测量和间接测量。

回答2:

机床零点,
机床限位
对刀仪

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