推荐回答(1个)
课题:旅游者购买行为影响因素
课时:4
目标:理解影响旅游者购买行为的诸因素。
重点:社会因素,个人因素。
难点:参照群体,心理因素。
方法:讲解,讨论。
程序:
(一)文化因素
1、文化:基本价值观、习俗。
2、亚文化:民族、宗教、种族、地域、年龄。
(二)社会因素
1、社会阶层:
1)定义:社会阶层是在一个社会中具有相对的同质性和持久性的群体,它们是按等级排列的,每一阶层成员具有类似的价值观、兴趣爱好和行为方式。
2)特征:
A同一阶层人们行为同质化
B不同阶层社会地位高低有别
C诸多因素展示阶层:经济变量(职业、收入、财富)、社会互动变量(个人声望、社会联系、社会化)、政治变量(权力、阶层意识、流动性)。
D阶层流动性:个人可向上层或向下层流动。
讨论:中美社会阶层结构。
2、参照群体:
1)定义:对个人态度或行为有直接或间接影响的群体。
2)影响方式:信息性影响,功利性影响,价值表达性影响。
3)类型:
A成员群体:首要群体(家庭、邻居、朋友、同事),次要群体(公司、政府机构、学校)
B非成员群体:渴望群体、规避群体、中性群体
C正式群体与非正式群体
讨论:参照群体的运用(名人效应、专家效应、普通人效应)
3、家庭:
1)家庭规模和家庭类型
2)家庭生命周期:新婚阶段、满巢期、空巢期、鳏寡期
3)家庭决策方式:家庭权威、购买风险、商品类型
4、角色和身份
(三)个人因素
1、年龄与生命周期阶段
2、健康状况
3、性别
4、职业
5、经济状况
6、居住地
7、生活方式
8、个性和自我形象
(四)心理因素
1、动机
1)定义:驱使人行为的需要。马斯洛需要层次论。
2)旅游动机:观光、娱乐、求知、商务、保健。
2、知觉
1)定义:消费者将由外部输入的各种各样的刺激加以选择使其有机化,并作为有意义的首尾一贯的外界映象进行解释的过程,即知觉是人对所感觉到的东西经过分析综合后的整体反映。
2)三种知觉过程:选择性注意、选择性曲解、选择性记忆。
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