英语翻译，里面的what从句是什么成分？什么意思？

What is more, learning independently, one of the greatest fashionable themes of our era throughout the history of mankind all around the world that I have ever known in my whole life, which is the greatest that there ever was and the greatest that there ever will be, is momentous and fundamental to people what the soul is vital and significant to us.
Learning independently is momentous极重要的 and fundamental基本的 to people what the soul is vital and significant to us.
此结构就是：（一个固定的修辞结构，真要说what,可以把它看成是引导状语从句的，相当于as）
A is to B what / as C is to D
The people is to the Party’s army what / as water is to fish .人民的军队离不开人民就象鱼离不开水一样。
Intellect is to the mind what sight is to the body .智力之于大脑犹如视力之于身体一样。 Twelve is to three as four is to one .12之于3等同于4之1 。
Reading is to the mind what / as exercise is to the body .读书对于思想好比运动对于身体一样。 Leaves do for plants what / as lungs do for animals .叶子对于植物的作用就像肺对于动物的作用一样。
1.Architecture , as a concrete art , is ______ as literature is to the printed world . A. building B. to build C. to building D. built 2. Personality is to a man _____ perfume is to a flower. A. that B. which C. what D. like
3.It’s often said , a friend is to man _____ water is to fish . A. what B. as C. that D. which
1. C 2.C 3.A

代上文提到的