人工流产都有哪几种?分别详细介绍一下~~~人格担保追加分值100!

2025-02-11 01:18:51
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  一、 药物流产

  随着医学科学的发展,近年来一种新型的方法--";药物流产";正式被推广使用。80年代抗早孕药米非司酮(Ru-486)问世,具有划时代的意义。到了90年代人们再一次发现用治疗胃溃疡的药物--米萦前列醇(misoprostor),同前者合用,应用于终止早期妊娠效果更佳。这大大避免了器械性人工流产所导致的并发症,为节育失败对象提供了一种有效的辅助措施。

  药物流产目前在全世界四个国家开展(法国、英国、瑞典、中国)。流产药物(Ru486)最早是法国的Roussel—Uclof公司生产。虽然它有出血多出血时间长、流产易失败等缺点,但对许多恐惧器械性流产的女性还是很适宜的。

  药物流产首先要服米非司酮1500mg,48小时后再服用米前列腺600Ug。继发子宫收缩、腹部出现疼痛,多数在6小时内排出胚胎,少数于一周内排出。如果排不干净则会继续妊娠,还需进行器械人工流产。在流产过程中,除下腹疼痛外。有些患者出现呕吐、腹泻及发热症状。药物流产后出血量较多,出血时间平均10—15天,成功率 只为90%低于器械性人工流产。对于工作繁忙,流产后无法充分休息的患者,选择药物流产应十分慎重,否则会因出血时间长、流产失败而造成贫血、感染及再次刮宫等不必要的麻烦。

  药流排出妊娠物后一个月左右月经复潮;如果超过一周未排出妊娠物,或虽已排出妊娠物但阴道流血过多、两周后仍未止血者应到医院复诊及做B超检查,医生根据病情不同予以清宫、抗感染、宫缩剂及止血药等处理。

  不适宜做药物流产者为孕期已长、胎囊大、孕妇年龄大,半年内有过人工流产史或剖宫产史、正处于产后哺乳期、子宫畸形或合并子宫肌瘤。

  要提醒大家注意的是药物流产切不可自行服药,一定要医生指导和监控下使用流产药物,以免发生生命危险。

  二、 人工流产

  人工流产又称人流是指用手术的方法终止妊娠,也就是“人工”终止妊娠。

  不同时期人工流产:早期人工流产、妊娠中期引产。

  早期人工流产:

  妊娠12周以内用人工的办法中止妊娠称为早期人工流产。

  手术方式主要是负压吸宫术,就是用负压将子宫内的妊娠产物吸出以使妊娠终止。这种方法cao作简便,手术时间短,流产效果好。但负压吸宫手术也有一些不尽人意之处,比较常见的问题是妇女在手术过程中会感到疼痛。引起疼痛的原因可能是多方面的,牵拉宫颈时由于子宫位置的变动可使入感到不适,吸管进入官颈口或以扩张器扩张宫口时均可产生较明显的下腹胀痛不适。以负压吸引官内妊娠物时子宫收缩也使妇女感到疼痛,如同时并发有心律紊乱血压下降、出汗、面部苍白、呕吐、头晕、胸闷等症状,称为人流综合症,其发生率约为10%。其他负压吸宫并发症还可以有术时子宫出血、子宫穿孔、宫颈裂伤等,这些合并症的发生率非常低,但会给妇女的健康造成损害。由于使用负压,还容易使蜕膜组织随血液逆流入腹腔,造成术后的子宫内膜移位症。近年负压吸宫术后由于子宫过度屈曲或官腔粘连造成的宫殿腔积血也引起了人们的注思。

  妊娠中期引产:

  妊娠12-24周,用人工的办法中止妊娠叫做妊娠中期引产。
  这一时期的特点是胎盘已经形成,胎儿较大,骨骼变硬,娩出时需要充分扩张子宫颈。常用的方法有水囊引产、药物引产和剖宫取胎术。
  由于子宫增大,子宫壁充血变软,手术时容易损伤子宫壁,因此中期引产要比早期人工流产难度大,并发症多,故应尽量做早期人工流产。

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