关于《西厢记》，牡丹亭和桃花扇
一般《西厢记》得多厚一本?牡丹亭和桃花扇又是讲什么的？
推荐回答（3个）
《牡丹亭》是明代大曲家汤显祖的代表作，这时作家的思想
和艺术都已经成熟。明代话本小说《杜丽娘慕色还魂》为《牡丹亭》提供了基本情节。《牡丹亭》在《惊梦》《寻梦》《闹殇》各出的宾白中还保留了话本的若干原句。在小说中，杜丽娘还魂后，门当户对的婚姻顺利缔成；而在戏曲中，汤显祖进行了脱胎换骨的创造性劳动，把小说中的传说故事同明代社会的现实生活结合起来，使它具有强烈的反礼教、反封建色彩，焕发出追求个性由的光辉理想。
女主角杜丽娘是古典戏曲中最可爱的少女形象之一。出身和社会地位规定她应该成为具有三从四德的贤妻良母。她的人生第一课是《诗经》的首篇《关雎》。传统说法认为它是“后妃之
德”的歌颂，是最好的闺范读本。她却直觉地认出这是一支恋歌。在婢女春香的怂恿下，她偷偷地走出闺房。“不到园林，怎知春色如许”，春天的大自然唤醒了她的青春活力。她生活在笼
罩着封建礼教气氛，几乎与世隔绝的环境中，眼睁睁地看着青春即将逝去，她却无能为力，不由自主，只好把炽热的感情压制在心中。汤显祖没有因袭前人小说戏曲中一见倾心，互通殷勤，后
花园私订终身的手法，而安排杜丽娘在游园之后和情人在梦中幽会；幽会以后，接着描写她第二次到园中《寻梦》。《惊梦》和《寻梦》是杜丽娘郁积在心中的热情的爆发，也是她反抗现实世
界的实际行动。
《牡丹亭》的感人力量，在于它具有强烈地追求个性自由，反对封建礼教的浪漫主义理想。这个理想作为封建体系的对立面而出现。善良与美好的东西都属于杜丽娘。汤显祖描写杜丽娘
的美貌很成功，而描写杜丽娘的感情和理想的那些片段更具魅力。《牡丹亭》写出，她不是死于爱情被破坏，而是死于对爱情的徒然渴望。通过杜丽娘的形象，《牡丹亭》表达了当时广大男女
青年要求个性解放，要求爱情自由、婚姻自主的呼声，并且暴露了封建礼教对人们幸福生活和美好理想的摧残。
《桃花扇》的思想内容 《桃花扇》的内容是借复社文人侯方域与秦淮名妓李香君的爱情故事来反映南明弘光王朝覆亡的历史。侯方域题诗宫扇赠李香君，二人相恋。马士英、阮大铖欲与侯方域结交，通过画家杨文�表示愿代出资促成侯、李的结合。李香君怒斥马、阮，侯方域受到李的激励，亦对此事加以拒绝。武昌总兵左良玉率军移食南京，朝野震动，侯方域修书劝阻，阮大铖诬以私通和做内应的罪名，侯方域被迫投奔在扬州督师的史可法。李自成攻陷北京，马士英、阮大铖等迎立福王，并对复社文人进行迫害，准备强逼李香君嫁与漕抚田仰为妾。李香君坚决不从，矢志守楼，倒地撞头时，血溅侯方域所赠的宫扇。杨文�在宫扇血痕上画成桃花图，李香君遂将桃花扇寄与侯方域。清兵南下，攻陷南京，李香君、侯方域先后避难于栖霞山，在白云庵相遇，共约出家。孔尚任企图通过这个爱情故事，描写明末的一些重大历史事件，揭示南明覆亡的原因，抒发“兴亡之感”。
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