急求意大利著名诗人但丁的个人资料中英文简介

　　1.阿利盖利·但丁
　　但丁·亚利基利（意大利语：Dante Alighieri，1265年—1321年），意大利诗人，现代意大利语的奠基者，欧洲文艺复兴时代的开拓人物，以长诗《神曲》留名后世。恩格斯评价说：“封建的中世纪的终结和现代资本主义纪元的开端，是以一位大人物为标志的，这位人物就是意大利人但丁，他是中世纪的最后一位诗人，同时又是新时代的最初一位诗人”。

　　但丁出生在意大利的佛罗伦萨一个没落的贵族家庭，生于1265年，出生日期不清，按他自己在诗中的说法“生在双子座下”，应该是5月下旬或6月上旬。5岁时生母去世，父亲续弦，后母为他生了两个弟弟、一个妹妹。

　　生平

　　但丁的生平记录很少，但写作的人很多，有许多并不可靠，他可能并没有受过正式教育（也有人说他在波隆那及巴黎等地念书），从许多有名的朋友兼教师那里学习不少东西，包括拉丁语、普罗旺斯语和音乐，年轻时可能做过骑士，参加过几次战争，12岁时就已经结婚，他妻子为他生了6个孩子，只有4个（3男1女）存活。

　　佛罗伦斯但丁博物馆门外的但丁雕像当时佛罗伦萨政界分为两派，一派是效忠神圣罗马帝国皇帝的齐伯林派，另一派是效忠教皇的盖尔非派，1266年后，由于教皇势力强盛，盖尔非派取得胜利，将齐伯林派放逐。盖尔非派掌权后1294年当选的教皇卜尼法斯八世想控制佛罗伦萨，一部分富裕市民希望城市的独立，不愿意受制于教皇，分化成“白党”，另一部分没落户，希望借助教皇的势力翻身，成为“黑党”。两派重新争斗，但丁的家族原来属于盖尔非派，但丁热烈主张独立自由，因此成为白党的中坚，并被选为最高权利机关执行委员会的六位委员之一。

　　1301年教皇特派法国国王的兄弟瓦鲁瓦的卡罗(Carlo di Valois)去佛罗伦萨“调节和平”，白党怀疑此行另有目的，派出以但丁为团长的代表团去说服教皇收回成命，但没有结果，果然卡罗到佛罗伦萨后立即组织黑党屠杀反对派，控制佛罗伦萨，并宣布放逐但丁，一但他回城，任何佛罗伦萨士兵都可以处决烧死他，从此但丁再也没有能回到家乡。

　　1308年卢森堡的亨利七世当选为神圣罗马帝国皇帝，预备入侵佛罗伦萨，但丁给他写信，指点需要进攻的地点，因此白党也开始痛恨但丁。1313年亨利去世，但丁的希望落空。

　　1315年，佛罗伦萨被军人掌权，宣布如果但丁肯付罚金，并于头上撒灰，颈下挂刀，游街一周就可免罪返国。但丁回信说：“这种方法不是我返国的路！要是损害了我但丁的名誉，那么我决不再踏上佛罗伦萨的土地！难道我在别处就不能享受日月星辰的光明吗？难道我不向佛罗伦萨市民卑躬屈膝，我就不能接触宝贵的真理吗？可以确定的是，我不愁没有面包吃！”

　　但丁在被放逐时，曾在几个意大利城市居住，有的记载他曾去过巴黎，他以著作排遣其乡愁，并将一生中的恩人仇人都写入他的名作《神曲》中，对教皇揶揄嘲笑，他将自己一生单相思的恋人，一个叫贝亚德的，25岁就去世的美女，安排到天堂的最高境界。

　　但丁于1321年客死他乡，在意大利东北部腊万纳去世。

　　但丁的作品基本上是以意大利托斯卡纳方言写作的，对形成现代意大利语言以托斯卡纳方言为基础起了相当大的作用，因为除了拉丁语作品外，古代意大利作品只有但丁是最早使用活的语言写作，他的作品对意大利文学语言的形成起了相当大作用，所以也是对文艺复兴运动起了先行者的作用。

　　2.Benefit cover benefit ·but D
　　But D ·second benifit benefit(Italian:Dante Alighieri, 1265-1321), Italy poet, modern Italian lay foundation stone, Europe literature renew expand of ages person, with long poem 《absolute being song 》stay a Hou a life time.The boon space Si evaluation say:"The basinet of the feudalism end and modern capitalism beginning of a reign of starting point, take a somebody as marking of, this person be an Italian but D, his being a basinet be the last poet, in the meantime again is a modern era of first a poet".

　　But the D was born a the nobility family for decline in Florence in Italy, living in 1265, the date of birth wasn't pure, press himself is in the parlance"living under Gemini" in the poem, should is May last ten days of month or June first ten days of month.The natural mother die at the age of 5, the father remarry, and the stepmother born two younger brother, a younger sister for him.

　　Usually

　　But D usually record few, but writing of the person be a lot of and have many not dependable, he probably has never been subjected to formal education(also someone say him Long at the wave that and Paris etc. the ground study), from many well-known friend and teacher there study not a few thing, include Latin, general prosperous Si language and music, young hour may be a knight, once attended a few war, at the age of 12 already get married, his wife born 6 kid for him, only have 4(3 male 1 female) survival.

　　Florence but D museum door outside of but D statue officialdom in Florence is divided into two partieses at that time, a parties be loyal to sacred empire emperor in the Rome of together elder brother of one's father Lin2 Pai4, another a parties is loyal to Pope of cover Er not parties, 1266 after, because of Pope's influence strong, cover Er not parties obtain victory, will together elder brother of one's father Lin2 Pai4 banishment.Cover Er not parties hold real power behind 1294 win an election of Pope the Bu Ni method Si eight a life times think control Florence, a part wealthy citizen hope city of independence, would not like to under the yoke of Pope, divide into "white party", another a part decline a door, hope ask for help of Pope's influence to turn over a body, become "black party".Two parties re- fight, but the household of D originally belong to cover Er not parties, but D warmly lay claim to independence freedom, so become white the main force of the party, and is choose for six one of the member of committees of the tallest right organization executive committee.

　　1301 Pope specially appointed France king of the card of the brothers tile Lu tile(Carlo di Valois) go to"regulate peace" of Florence, white party doubt the this trip contain another purpose, parties with but D for the chief's delegation go to persuasion Pope withdraw an order, but have no result, indeed as expected card go to Florence empress immediately organization black party massacre opposition faction, control Florence, and declare banishment but D, once he return to city, any Florence soldier can execute to burn dead he, from now on but D any further have no ability return to home town.

　　Henry's seven a life times of 1308 Luxembourg win an election for sacred empire emperor in the Rome, prepare to invade Florence, but the D write a letter for him, point out a location that need to be take the offensive, so white the party also start hate bitterly but D.1313 Henry die, but the hope of the D end up in nothing.

　　1315, Florence be hold real power by the soldier and declare if but the D be willing to pay a fine, and at the head Sa ash, neck bottom hang knife, swiming street can don't need offense to return to country for a week.But the D letter in reply say:"This kind of method isn't the road that I return to country!If injured me but the reputation of D, so I will never step on the land in Florence again!Difficult way I be another place can'ting enjoy sun moon and stars of bright?Difficult way I don't sit with crossed knees toward the citizen in Florence vulgar Gong, I can't the contact precious truth?Can assurance of BE, I not the sorrow have no bread to eat!"

　　But D at drive banishment, once at several Italy the city live and have of jot down him have been to Paris, he with work row send its homesickness, and all write in the benefactor personal enemy in the whole life to his to make 《absolute being song 》medium, to Pope Ye Yu derision, he oneself whole life the lover of the unrequited love, 1 call shell second virtuous, 25 years old die of beauty, arrangement arrive heaven of the tallest state.

　　But the D die abroad in 1321, in the Italy the northeast La ten thousand Nas die.

　　But the work of D basically with Italy give the Si card Na dialect writing of, to formation modern Italian speech take giving the Si card Na dialect as foundation to have equal big of function, in addition to Latin work, ancient times Italy work only have but D is at the earliest stage usage live of language writing, his work learn to the Italian language of formation have equal the your work use, so is also to literature renew sport have in advance of function.