推荐回答(2个)
范例如下:
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接下来谈墓地碑文的基本写法:
一、墓碑形式和坟墓种类
墓碑形式基本上只有两种:即为竖式墓碑和横式墓碑。
竖式墓碑,其碑文所有文字是从右向左、自上而下而直写的;
横式墓碑,其碑文主体文字是从左向右、先上后下均匀排成两字一排而排列的,立碑时间及立碑者名字则是自上而下进行直写的;
坟墓种类基本上也是两种:即在世寿坟和亡故坟墓。
在世寿坟是指老年人尚在世,身体很健康时,挑拣生日或黄道吉日,提早一年或好几年预先做好的墓穴,民间统称为“做寿坟”,是子孙后代孝敬长辈,显示长辈福气很好的一种形式,是主动造坟。
亡故坟墓是指老年人即将病亡或亡故之后,才建造的坟墓和后立的碑石,民间统称为“造坟墓”,是被动造坟。
二、做寿坟与造坟墓的区别
做寿坟与造坟墓是根据造墓主人是否在世或亡故的现状而定,不但造墓叫法不同,而且碑文写法也有所不同,其主要区别有以下几点:
1、造墓叫法不同:
在世建坟墓称“做寿坟”。
亡故建坟墓称“造坟墓”。
2、碑文主体文字最后两字表述不同:
在世建坟墓,习惯上会写上“慈父某公某某德配某氏某某寿域”,最后两字写为“寿域”,不可写“之墓”。
亡故建坟墓,习惯上会写上“慈父某公某某德配某氏某某之墓”,最后两字写为“之墓”,不宜再写“寿域”。
3、碑文字体颜色不同:
在世建坟墓,碑文字体一律书写成红色,除非其子孙后代已有亡故者,则将亡故者名字写成黑颜色。
亡故建坟墓,碑文字体中,有尚在世者,其姓和名字宜写成红色;亡故者的姓氏和名字应写成黑颜色,以示在世与亡故之间的区别。
4、建坟仪式不同:
在世建坟墓,空墓穴中,两穴中分别要放入数块护砖,再加一瓶油,一瓶水,一个香炉,一个12生肖佛位,24个硬币。每穴护砖放入块数有几个儿子(或子女)就放入几块护砖,即后代能一人分得一块,待以后放入骨灰箱时,再拿回家,垫于米缸底下,以希望能保佑子孙后代家业兴旺,人丁昌盛,护砖在放入前一天晚上,须在坟主家里供祭一夜。
亡故建坟墓,亡故的一墓穴中不再放入护砖,油、水、香炉,仅放24个硬币,12生肖佛烧掉,佛灰拌和水泥混凝土中,作墓穴封口之用。当然如另一位配偶尚在世的话,造坟时,其墓穴中仍可放入护砖,一瓶油,一瓶水,一个香炉,一个12生肖佛,24个硬币。
三、墓碑碑文书写格式
墓碑碑文一般由时间、正文、落款及字数限定四部分组成。
1、时间:即建墓时间,写于墓碑右边,不写顶端,常在全碑三分之二处始写,字体宜写得较小一些。
2、正文:是写两位墓主姓名,老式坟墓只写丈夫姓名,妻子只写姓氏,且大都不居中写,仅靠左傍写;现代坟墓墓碑上夫妻是并排写的,男居右女居左。一般是这样书写:“慈父某公某某德配某氏某某寿域(或之墓)”12字排成两列,“寿域”两字须比其它字大一倍,且居左右两列的中间,也有人提出正文主体字数不能成双,要成单数,则宜改为“慈父某公某某配某氏某某寿域(或之墓)” 第一字慈写顶格中间,字体大小与寿域两字一样,“父某公某某配某氏某某” 排成各五字两列,老式墓碑中,女性姓氏后常见“孺人”两字,有此两字的女性,通常是丈夫七品官以上或名门望族家庭的夫人,普通百姓妻子一般没资格享此尊称。
3、落款:特指出资建造此墓穴者,即使出资者是墓室主人,也宜具写自家子女及孙辈曾辈的名字,常见的有:“孝男某某、某某、某某,孙某某、某某、某某,敬立” 没儿子只有女儿的,则写“孝女某某、某某、某某,外孙某某、某某、某某,敬立”,落款位置在左侧三分之二写起,字体大小一般与日期一样,“敬立”之前要空一格位置,子孙名字前省略写姓氏,但外孙若是异姓,则要写上其姓氏了。
4、字数限定:碑文总字数包括时间正文落款必须为五倍加一,即16字、21字、31字、36字、41字……不准多一字,也不可少一字,用“生老病苦死” 或“金木水土火” 各五字去一一对应,首字和最后一字必须为“生”字或“金”字,因此,当总字数不是五倍加一时,在时间、正文、落款上就要适当加字或减字了,达到上面规定的字数为止。
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