纤维的细度对纤维,纱线及织物有什么影响

2025-03-11 07:23:37
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

纤维细度及其离散程度不仅与纤维强度、伸长度、刚性、弹性和形变的均一性有关,而且极大地影响织物的手感、风格以及纱线和织物的加工过程。细度不匀比长度不匀和纤维种类的不同更容易导致纱线不匀及纱疵。但另一方面,具有一定的异线密度,对纱的某些品质(如丰满、柔软等毛型感)的形成是有利的。
(一)对纤维本身的影响
纤维的粗细将影响纤维的比表面积,进而影响纤维的吸附及染色性能,纤维越细,其比表面积越大,纤维的染色性也有所提高;纤维较细,纱线成形后的结构较均匀,有利于其力学性能的提高。但是纤维间的细度不匀会导致纤维力学性质的差异,最终导致纤维集合体的不匀,甚至加工过程控制的困难;此外,纤维内的细度差异,会直接导致纤维的力学弱节,不但影响外观和品质,最终将影响产品的使用。
(二)对纱线质量及纺纱工艺的影响
一般纤维细,纺纱加工中容易拉断,在开松、梳理中要求作用缓和,否则易产生大量短绒,在并条高速牵伸时也易形成棉结。另外,细纤维纺纱时,由于纤维间接触面积大,牵伸中纤维间的摩擦力较高,会使纱线中纤维伸直度较高。其他条件不变时,纤维越细,相同线密度纱线断面内纤维根数越多,摩擦越大,成纱强力越高,因为成纱断面内纤维根数较多时纤维间接触面积大,滑脱概率低,可使成纱强度提高。纤维的细度对成纱的条干不匀率有显著影响。设纤维的线密度为Tt1,成纱的线密度为Tt2,细纱截面中平均纤维根数即Tt1/Tt2,当成纱中不计纤维细度的变异时,则纱线条干变异系数的极小值如图

回答2:

这是一个比较复杂的问题。主要可以分两个方面进行讨论:

1.
织物的断裂强力主要分成三种:对梭织面料而言,一是拉伸断裂强力,大多数面料在这个方面都能达到规定要求的,如果这个要求都达不到的话,那这款面料的开发是不成功的,根本无法做成服装的;二是撕裂强力,也就是把测试的样品先撕开一个小口,然后再用强力仪器继续撕开面料看其所能经受的强力,这是一个很关键的指标,也更有实际意义;另外对针织面料而言,一般考核面料的强力的指标就是顶破强力;但针织面料的顶破强力最最相关的是纱线本身的强力和面料的克重,如果面料的纱线强力不好,而且克重又很轻,那就会存在问题。
2.
纱线的细度:如果是同一种材料,那肯定是纱线越粗,强力也就越好的,那织成的面料的强力也就越高;
纱线的捻度:一般来说,纱线的强力是随着捻度的上升而上升,但上升到一定程度后,纱线的强力是会随着捻度而下降的,但一般不会出现这个情况的;
织物的密度:一般来说,织物的密度越高,那单位面积的纱线用量也大,则织物的强力也会越大;但对于梭织面料的撕裂强度并不一定的,通常面料厂为了降低面料的织造成本,他们往往会增加面料的经向的密度,而减少纬向的密度,这对于面料的经向撕裂强度并不会改善,反到会下降,更严重的是,面料的接缝滑移也会变差,这一点在大货的开发阶段一定要加以注意的。

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