什么是焦油下水（tar water）？

焦油下水在中世纪用作药物，是由松焦油和水组成，味道很臭，慢慢就被人们摈弃，但是在维多利亚时期又流行起来。

用法在查尔斯狄更斯的小说远大前程第二章里面有介绍，被用作一个残忍的惩罚。
内科医生Cadwallader Colden也赞美了松脂浸水，这种混合物也被叫做焦油下水。
思想家George Berkeley也提到焦油下水被用作治疗水肿的灵丹妙药。
参考原文：
Tar-water is a Medieval medicine consisting of pine tar and water. It was foul tasting and so slowly dropped in popularity, but was revived in the Victorian era.
The use of the medicine is mentioned in Great Expectations, Chapter 2 by Charles Dickens. Young Pip and his brother in law Joe were often force fed it by Mrs. Joe, Pip's elder sister, whether they were ill or not, as sort of cruel punishment.
The physician Cadwallader Colden extolled the virtues of pine resin steeped in water. This concotion also was called "Tar water".[1]
The philosopher George Berkeley also lauded tar water in his tract Siris.[2]
In the introduction of his Journal of A Voyage to Lisbon, Henry Fielding considers tar-water a panacea for treating dropsy: "But even such a panacea one of the greatest scholars and best of men did lately apprehend he had discovered (...). The reader, I think, will scarce need to be informed that the writer I mean is the late bishop of Cloyne, in Ireland, and the discovery that of the virtues of tar-water".[3] By the Bishop of Cloyne, Fielding refers to the above mentioned philosopher George Berkeley.

下水了吗