动词不定式和动名词的用法和区别。

动词不定式
一、 基本形式
a.不定式的基本形式是“小品词to﹢动词原形” 即to﹢v. ；但有时也可省去to, 即：(to) ﹢v. 。
b.分词有两种基本形式：现在分词(the present participle)和过去分词(the past participle)。
①现在分词的基本形式是动词的—ing形式，如，writing, doing ,working ,going, etc.
②过去分词的基本形式是：a) 规则动词﹢ed, 即v.-ed, 如，visit→visited ,ask→asked ,dig→digged ,etc; b) 不规则动词有其自身的过去式和过去分词，学生需要用心熟记，方能正确使用。如，go→went→gone; do→did→done, etc .
c． 动名词的基本形式与现在分词的基本形式相同，都是动词的—ing 形式，如，doing ,writing ,doing ,etc .
二、 时态、语态及其基本用法
A. 不定式
1．不定式的时态、语态有三种形式：①一般式，如，to write / to be written ;②进行式，如，to be writing / to have been writing;③完成式，如，to have written / to have been written 。
2．基本用法
①不定式的一般式，表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时也发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如：
He seems to know this.(=It seems that he knows this.)
I hope to see you again.(=I hope that I’ll see you again.)
He doesn’t like to be laughed at. (=He doesn’t like that he is being laughed at.)
②不定式的进行式，表示不定式的动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：
When the mother went into the room, the boy pretended to be sleeping. (=… , the boy pretended that he was sleeping .)
I heard the English song being sung by him. (=I heard that the English song was being sung by him.)
③．不定式的完成式，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. (= I am sorry that I kept you waiting so long. )
Having been well written, the book was translated into many languages. (=Because it had been well written, …)

B． 动名词
1.动名词的时态、语态有两种形式：①一般式，如，writing / being written ; ②完成式，如，having written / having been written 。
2.基本用法
①动名词的一般式不表示动作正在进行，但作具有状语性质的宾语时，动名词一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如：
The teacher is busy collecting the students’ exam papers.
②动名词的完成式在作具有状语性质的宾语时，表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前已发生。如：
He was praised by the teacher for having done the work wonderfully.
He felt so sorry for not having been given the chance to work in the company.

to
do
answering
stealing
因为of
后只能加动名词词
动词后，加动名词还是不定式，是看固定搭配的，不同的用法和意义～

doing,因为情态动词后动词的ING形式表被动
answering,因为介词后只跟名词或动名词
stealing,因为介词后只跟名词或动名词
还有在一些情况下，动词不定式可以表目的，而动名词不行