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2024-12-13 15:59:58
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拿破仑•波拿巴,法国近代史上著名的军事家和政治家,1769年出生于科西嘉岛阿雅克修城的一个破落贵族家庭。1779年,在法国布里埃纳军校学习军事。1784年,升入巴黎军官学校,1789年,法国爆发了资产阶级革1793年7月,拿破仑带兵一举攻下了保王党的堡垒土伦,深受雅各宾派奥古斯都.罗伯斯庇尔的赏识,1794年1月14日,被任命为少将、炮兵旅长。热月政变发生后,雅各宾派共有103人遇害,拿破仑亦受牵连,拿破仑一时困居巴黎。
1795年10月4日,巴黎发生保王党人的武装叛乱。督政官巴拉斯请来拿破仑帮助平息叛乱。拿破仑用大炮一举击垮了叛乱者,挽救了危局。督政府晋升拿破仑为陆军中将、巴黎卫戍司令。3月9日,拿破仑与巴黎著名的交际花约瑟芬.博阿尔内匆匆举行了婚礼。两天后,他告别新婚妻子,赶赴意大利军团上任。他统率数万大军直驱意大利,与处于优势的第一次反法同盟军奥军和撒丁军连续作战,取得了一系列的辉煌胜利。 崛起的拿破仑使督政府感到了威胁,督政官员们决定把他调到远离巴黎的地方去。1798年4月12日,拿破仑被任命为法国埃及军(东方军)司令官。5月18日,拿破仑挥师东下,远征埃及。
1799年11月9日,拿破仑发动了雾月政变成功,成为第一执政。1800年6月14日,拿破仑在马伦哥大败奥地利军,迫使第二次反法同盟解体1802年5月,经全民投票通过,拿破仑成为“终身执政”,集行政、司法、立法大权于一身,向帝制过渡铺平了道路。1804年5月18日,拿破仑黄袍加身,宣告自己为法兰西第一帝国的皇帝,称号为“拿破仑一世”。1805年8月9日,奥、英、俄结成第三次反法同盟,拿破仑率军东进应战,取得了乌尔姆、奥斯特里茨等大战的胜利,俄皇、奥帝狼狈而逃。拿破仑乘胜在南德、中德、西德各诸侯国组成“莱茵同盟”,把它置于自己的保护之下。
1809年初,因对付普、奥等国的第五次反法同盟,拿破仑不等西班牙战事结束,就匆匆率兵一部回国,东征奥地利。拿破仑凭著他那钢铁般的意志,转败为胜,迫使奥地利再一次割地求和。1810年3月,娶奥国公主玛丽亚.路易莎为妻。拿破仑帝国达到极盛时期。 可是,这个欧洲枭雄最得意的时刻也是其霸业发生决定性逆转的时刻。1812年,拿破仑集兵50万远征俄罗斯。他长驱直入,直捣莫斯科城。然而,俄国的严寒气候和当地军民的抗法斗争终于使法军大败而归。
1813年,欧洲第六次反法同盟成立,拿破仑率军40万与联军作战,不料在莱比锡战役中一败涂地,各附庸国及诸小邦乘机起来摆脱法国控制,拿破仑陷入四面楚歌的境地。1814年,联军向法国本土进军。3月30日,巴黎沦陷。4月6日,拿破仑被迫退位,并被放逐到意大利的厄尔巴岛。波旁王朝复辟。然而,这个失败者再次创造了历史上罕见的奇迹,他从戒备森严的厄尔巴岛上逃了出来。1815年3月20日,他不费一枪一弹进占了巴黎,重新登上皇帝宝座,建立了历史上所称的“百日王朝”。欧洲各君主国重新又调集重兵,组成第七次反法同盟军。1815年6月,法军在滑铁卢战役中覆没,拿破仑第二次退位。10月,被流放至圣赫勒拿岛。1821年5月5日,拿破仑在岛上病逝,终年52岁。四天以后,岛上的人为这位征服者举行了葬礼。
19年后,法国七月王朝的路易.菲力浦派军舰到圣赫勒拿岛接回了拿破仑的遗骨。1840年12月15日,巴黎人民满腔热情地举行了隆重的接灵仪式。数不尽的人群冒著严寒、迎著风雪,护送著灵柩前往塞纳河畔的荣军院。从此,拿破仑的遗愿得到了实现,他以一个老兵的身份安息在塞纳河畔,安息在他热爱的法国人民中间。: Napoleon Bonaparte, the French modern history of the famous military strategist and statesman, was born in 1769 in the city of Ajaccio on Corsica a run aristocratic family. In 1779, the French military Buliaina studying military. In 1784, enter Paris military school, in 1789, the outbreak of the French bourgeoisie reforms in July 1793, killing ten soldiers of Napoleon Bao Wang discussed the party's stronghold, by the Jacobins Augustus. Robespierre appreciation, January 14, 1794, was appointed Major General, artillery soldiers commander. Thermador reaction after the Jacobins total of 103 people were killed, Napoleon will also implicated, Napoleon 1:00 hardship Habitat Paris.
On October 4, 1795, Paris-party-in the armed rebellion. Government officials Madonna invited Governor Napoleon help end the rebellion. Napoleon artillery defeat the insurgency one stroke, a critical save. Governor government for the promotion of Lieutenant General Napoleon, Paris garrison commander. March 9, Napoleon and Josephine Paris famous decadence. Beauharnais hastily held a wedding. Two days later, he bid farewell to his bride and went to the Italian army took office. His command tens of thousands of troops Direct Drive Italy, with a dominant first coalition military reinforcement and Sardinia-continuous fighting, made a series of brilliant victory. Napoleon's rise to the Governor's government is a threat to the Governor's political officials have decided to stay away from transferring him to Paris places. On April 12, 1798, Napoleon was appointed as France and Egypt Army (Eastern military) commander. On May 18, Napoleon started East, the Egyptian expedition.
On November 9, 1799, Napoleon launched a Brumaire coup successful, a first ruling. On June 14, 1800, Napoleon Malunge defeat Austria in the military, forcing War of the Second Coalition collapse in May 1802, after a referendum passed, as Napoleon "lifelong ruling" sets administrative, judicial, legislative power in a the monarchy paved the way for the transition. On May 18, 1804, Napoleon emperor, proclaiming himself as emperor of the French First Empire, the title of "Napoleon I." On August 9, 1805, Austria, Britain, Russia forged Third Coalition, Napoleon Osama east Thus, made Ulm, Aoshitelici war and the victory of Russia's imperial Austrian unceremoniously flee Dili. Napoleon Cheng-sheng Nande in Germany and West Germany the princes of the "Rhine alliance" and placed it under the protection of their own.
Early in 1809, as against Cape, Austria, and other countries War of the Fifth Coalition, Napoleon ranging from the Spanish war ended, a US hurry home, old Austria. Napoleon With his steely will, tables, forcing Austria once again broke summation. In March 1810, married Princess Maria of Austria. Louisa marry. Napoleon reached at Empire period. However, the European leader most pride moment is a decisive reversal of its MANAU moment. In 1812, Napoleon set expedition 500,000 Russian soldiers. Into him, go where Moscow City. However, the Russian cold climate and the local people's struggle against the law finally enable the military defeat and naturalization.
In 1813, the European War of the Sixth Coalition formed, Napoleon Osama 400,000 combat with the coalition forces, but that campaign failed in 1931, the small client state of depression flew up from French control, Napoleon himself from a situation. In 1814, French forces to enter the local community. March 30, the fall of Paris. April 6, Napoleon was forced to abdicate and was banished to the Italian island of Elba. Bourbon restoration. However, the losers once again created a miracle in the history of rare from his heavily guarded escape from Elba Island. On March 20, 1815, he fired a missile into the charges of Paris, re-boarded the emperor throne, a history called "hundred days." European monarchy and re-mobilize massive forces to form the Seventh Coalition forces. In June 1815, French forces in the Battle of Waterloo in the sink, Napoleon abdicated the second time. In October, he was exiled in San Helena. On May 5, 1821, Napoleon on the island died at the age of 52 years. Four days later, the man-made island at the funeral of the conquerors.
19, France in July dynasty Louis. Phillips sent warships to the St. Helena has taken back the remains of Napoleon. On December 15, 1840, Paris people enthusiastically held a grand ceremony to Ling. Several thousands of people braved bitter cold, snow Yingzhaofeng, escorted the casket to the Seine River Les Invalides. Since then, Napoleon's will be the realization of his veteran status to a rest in the Seine River, he loves the rest in the middle of the French people.
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感谢您为 Google 翻译提供翻译建议。我们会利用您的建议在将来更新我们的系统时提高翻译质量。 • Napoleon Bonaparte, the French modern history of the famous military strategist and statesman, was born in 1769 in the city of Ajaccio on Corsica a run aristocratic family. In 1779, the French military Buliaina studying military. In 1784, enter Paris military school, in 1789, the outbreak of the French bourgeoisie reforms in July 1793, killing ten soldiers of Napoleon Bao Wang discussed the party's stronghold, by the Jacobins Augustus. Robespierre appreciation, January 14, 1794, was appointed Major General, artillery soldiers commander. Thermador reaction after the Jacobins total of 103 people were killed, Napoleon will also implicated, Napoleon 1:00 hardship Habitat Paris.
On October 4, 1795, Paris-party-in the armed rebellion. Government officials Madonna invited Governor Napoleon help end the rebellion. Napoleon artillery defeat the insurgency one stroke, a critical save. Governor government for the promotion of Lieutenant General Napoleon, Paris garrison commander. March 9, Napoleon and Josephine Paris famous decadence. Beauharnais hastily held a wedding. Two days later, he bid farewell to his bride and went to the Italian army took office. His command tens of thousands of troops Direct Drive Italy, with a dominant first coalition military reinforcement and Sardinia-continuous fighting, made a series of brilliant victory. Napoleon's rise to the Governor's government is a threat to the Governor's political officials have decided to stay away from transferring him to Paris places. On April 12, 1798, Napoleon was appointed as France and Egypt Army (Eastern military) commander. On May 18, Napoleon started East, the Egyptian expedition.
On November 9, 1799, Napoleon launched a Brumaire coup successful, a first ruling. On June 14, 1800, Napoleon Malunge defeat Austria in the military, forcing War of the Second Coalition collapse in May 1802, after a referendum passed, as Napoleon "lifelong ruling" sets administrative, judicial, legislative power in a the monarchy paved the way for the transition. On May 18, 1804, Napoleon emperor, proclaiming himself as emperor of the French First Empire, the title of "Napoleon I." On August 9, 1805, Austria, Britain, Russia forged Third Coalition, Napoleon Osama east Thus, made Ulm, Aoshitelici war and the victory of Russia's imperial Austrian unceremoniously flee Dili. Napoleon Cheng-sheng Nande in Germany and West Germany the princes of the "Rhine alliance" and placed it under the protection of their own.
Early in 1809, as against Cape, Austria, and other countries War of the Fifth Coalition, Napoleon ranging from the Spanish war ended, a US hurry home, old Austria. Napoleon With his steely will, tables, forcing Austria once again broke summation. In March 1810, married Princess Maria of Austria. Louisa marry. Napoleon reached at Empire period. However, the European leader most pride moment is a decisive reversal of its MANAU moment. In 1812, Napoleon set expedition 500,000 Russian soldiers. Into him, go where Moscow City. However, the Russian cold climate and the local people's struggle against the law finally enable the military defeat and naturalization.
In 1813, the European War of the Sixth Coalition formed, Napoleon Osama 400,000 combat with the coalition forces, but that campaign failed in 1931, the small client state of depression flew up from French control, Napoleon himself from a situation. In 1814, French forces to enter the local community. March 30, the fall of Paris. April 6, Napoleon was forced to abdicate and was banished to the Italian island of Elba. Bourbon restoration. However, the losers once again created a miracle in the history of rare from his heavily guarded escape from Elba Island. On March 20, 1815, he fired a missile into the charges of Paris, re-boarded the emperor throne, a history called "hundred days." European monarchy and re-mobilize massive forces to form the Seventh Coalition forces. In June 1815, French forces in the Battle of Waterloo in the sink, Napoleon abdicated the second time. In October, he was exiled in San Helena. On May 5, 1821, Napoleon on the island died at the age of 52 years. Four days later, the man-made island at the funeral of the conquerors.
19, France in July dynasty Louis. Phillips sent warships to the St. Helena has taken back the remains of Napoleon. On December 15, 1840, Paris people enthusiastically held a grand ceremony to Ling. Several thousands of people braved bitter cold, snow Yingzhaofeng, escorted the casket to the Seine River Les Invalides. Since then, Napoleon's will be the realization of his veteran status to a rest in the Seine River, he loves the rest in the middle of the French people.