莎士比亚的四大悲剧英文简介

莎士比亚（William Shakespeare, 1564-1616），伟大的英国文学家。在其作品中，Hamlet（ 哈姆雷特）、Othello（奥瑟罗）、King Lear（李尔王）、Macbeth （麦克白），故事均取自欧洲的历史传说。自十九世纪始，它们即被公认为是莎翁的「四大悲剧」

威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare，1564--1616）欧洲文艺复兴时期最杰出的戏剧家和诗人。对他的一切现在还都有许多疑问，在没有确证之前，我们仍然沿用大家熟知的这个被称作莎士比亚的人。他读书时就卓尔不凡，可能当过教师，对诗歌和戏剧都感兴趣，在剧院干过许多行当，大概在1590年固定于伦敦的一家剧院当演员和写剧本。莎士比亚早期的创作中已显示出他人文主义思想，对当时社会的方方面面都有自己深刻的理解。对爱情、对金钱、对人性和对社会的贫富等都有鲜明的描写。

据说，莎士比亚留下来的剧本有37部，包括历史剧、悲剧和喜剧，当然不能简单的这样划分。著名的剧本有《亨利四世》、《仲夏夜之梦》、《威尼斯商人》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《哈姆雷特》、《暴风雨》、《李尔王》和《麦克白》等；有大概154首十四行诗。

莎士比亚的成就有目共睹，所获得的世界性的赞誉不胜枚举，对世界文学的影响巨大，根据他的作品改编的各种文艺形式有很多很多。莎士比亚于1616年4月23日去世，而他出生在1564年的4月23日；也就在1616年4月23日这一天，隔海相望的西班牙大作家塞万提斯也去世了；而遥远的东方中国在1616年7月29日同样失去了大戏剧家汤显祖。

《哈姆雷特》Hamlet 英文简介

The King of Denmark dies suddenly, and within two months his widow, Gertrude, now Queen of Denmark, marries his brother Claudius. Hamlet, his son, fears that Claudius killed his own brother (Hamlet's father) to become king of Denmark Hamlet's friend Horatio, advises him that his father’s ghost has been seen walking at night. Hamlet then wits with Horatio the next evening to see the late King Hamlet's ghost appear at midnight. The ghost tells Hamlet privately that Claudius had him, by pouring poison in his ear. This enrages Hamlet and he begins to plots of how to revenge his father's death. He begins to act like a madman, prompting King Claudius, his wife Gertrude, and his advisor Polonius to send Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to spy on Hamlet and figure out why he is acting mad. Even Ophelia, whom Hamlet was in love with, gets treated rudely, prompting Polonius to believe Hamlet is madly in love with her, though Gertrude suspects it is because of his father’s death. Polonius, a busy body who jumps to hasty conclusions, allows Laertes to go to France and had orders Ophelia not to associate with Hamlet. Hamlet convinces an acting company to reenact King Hamlet's death before Claudius, disguised as play written by Hamlet, in the hope that Claudius will confess. Though Claudius is enraged, and Hamlet’s mother tries to reason with Hamlet after the play. Polonius insisted on staying behind a curtain while she spoke with him and hears Polonius, and kills him through the curtain, thinking the person is Claudius. Hamlet regrets it when he realizes it was Polonius, and Claudius still banishes him to England, accompanied by Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, who are carrying orders that the English execute Hamlet. After Hamlet leaves, Laertes returns from France, enraged over his father’s death, and is horrified to find that Ophelia has reacted to her father's death with utter madness. She eventually falls in a stream while gathering wildflowers and drowns, thus building more resentment in Laertes. Meanwhile, Hamlet finding the orders and switching them to order Rosencrantz and Guildenstern killed, returns to Denmark and is met by Horatio. Claudius is now desperate to rid himself of Hamlet, and convinces Laertes to duel Hamlet for revenge over his father. To ensure the kill, the tip of Laertes' sword is poisoned and Claudius also poisons the victory cup in case Hamlet wins. During the fight, the poisoned drink is offered to Hamlet, he declines, and instead his mother, Gertrude, drinks it over the objection of Claudius Laertes, losing to Hamlet, illegally scratches him with the poisoned sword to ensure Hamlet's death and Hamlet (unknowingly), grabs Laertes sword and cuts and poisons him. The queen is dying, and screams that she has been poisoned. Laertes, dying, admits of Claudius' treachery. Even though he is weakening fast, Hamlet fatally stabs Claudius, and Hamlet begins his death speech. Though Horatio wants to commit suicide out of sorrow, Hamlet entreats him to tell the story of King Hamlet's death and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern's deaths to so they will be avenged. . Fortinbras, the prince of Norway, arrives from conquest of England, and Hamlet's last dying wish is that Fortinbras become the new King of Denmark.

《麦克白》Macbeth 英文简介

Macbeth is one of Shakespeares greatest tragedies： a drama of crime and punishment， of temptation， guilt， remorse and retribution. The portrayals of Macbeth himself and his wife are memorably persuasive in the rendition of the psychology of ambition，rationalised treachery and eventual disillusionment. Repeatedly the rich and often sinuously complex verse gives general resonance to the particular situation， so that some of the speechesprovide enduring epitomes of states of being which many of us，intermittently， may experience. Inner division， pangs of conscience， the sense of being ambushed by events， and desperatedefiance： they are there; but so too is a vitality of expression and enactment which offsets the plays sombre atmosphere.

《李尔王》King Lear 简介

The Wordsworth Classics Shakespeare Series presents a newly-edited sequence of William Shakespeares works.The textual editing takes account of recent scholarship while giving the material a careful reappraisal.
King Lear has been widely acclaimed as Shakespeares most powerful tragedy. Elemental and passionate, it encompasses the horrific and the heart-rending. Love and hate, loyalty and treachery, cruelty and self-sacrifice: all these contend in a tempestuous drama which has become an enduring classic of the worlds literature. In the theatre and on screen King Lear continues to challenge and enthral.

《奥瑟罗》Othello 英文简介  

The Wordsworth Classics' Shakespeare Series,with Henty V and The Merchant of Venice as its inaugural volumes,presents a newly-edited sequence of Willian Shakespeare's works.The textual editing takes account of recet scholarship while giving the material a careful reappraisal.
Othello has long been recognised as one of the most powerful of Shakespeare's tragedies. This is an intense drama of love. deception, lealousy and destruction.Desdemona's love torOthello the Moor. transcends racial prejudice: but the envious lago conspires to devastate their lives. In its vivid rendering ot racism,sexism, contested identities, and the savagery lurking within civilisation, Othello is arguably the most topical and accessible tragedy from Shakespeare's major phase as a dramatist. Productions on stage and screen regularly renew its power to engross, impress and trouble the imagination.

哈姆雷特中文简介：也被翻译成《哈姆莱特》。英文原名为“The Tragedy of Hamlet,Prince of Denmark”（丹麦王子哈姆雷特的悲剧），简称Hamlet，又名王子复仇记，威廉·莎士比亚的著名悲剧之一，是莎士比亚最负盛名的剧本，同《麦克白》、《李尔王》[2]和《奥赛罗》一起组成莎士比亚“四大悲剧”。在《哈姆雷特》中，复仇的故事中交织着爱恨情愁。同时，哈姆雷特也是该剧主人公丹麦王子的名字。

麦克白中文简介：也被翻译成《麦克佩斯》。苏格兰国王邓肯的表弟麦克白将军，为国王平叛和抵御入侵立功归来，路遇三个女巫。女巫对他说了一些预言和隐语，说他将进爵为王，但他并无子嗣能继承王位，反而是同僚班柯将军的后代要做王。麦克白是有野心的英雄，他在夫人的怂恿下谋杀邓肯，做了国王。为掩人耳目和防止他人夺位，他一步步害死了邓肯的侍卫，害死了班柯，害死了贵族麦克德夫的妻子和小孩。恐惧和猜疑使麦克白心里越来越有鬼，也越来越冷酷。麦克白夫人神经失常而自杀，对他也是一大刺激。在众叛亲离的情况下，麦克白面对邓肯之子和他请来的英格兰援军的围攻，落得袅首的下场。

《李尔王》中文简介：也是威廉·莎士比亚四大悲剧之一，叙述了年事已高的李尔王意欲把国土分给3个女儿，口蜜腹剑的大女儿高纳里尔和二女儿里根赢其宠信而瓜分国土，期动荡不安的英国社会的面貌，也是作者对专制王权的批判和对人性的歌颂。受狡诈冷酷的女儿和阴险残暴的女婿的虐待，李尔由专横暴虐、刚愎自用的统治者，一下子变成了“流浪的叫花子般的国王”，这个过程具体地反映了文艺复兴晚期封建阶级走向衰亡的历史。葛罗斯特受到作为冒险家、阴谋家的儿子陷害后所说的“城市里有暴动，国家发生内乱，宫廷之内潜藏着逆谋；父不父，子不子，纲常伦纪完全破灭”这番话，正点出了封建主义解体、资本主义兴起的过渡时期封建伦理道德趋于崩溃，人与人之间赤裸裸的金钱关系替代旧的纲纪伦常的历史真实。

剧本真实地反映了广大人民的苦难。李尔王流落荒郊，饱尝暴风雨袭击的苦楚，随着地位的改变，他不由联想起成千上万无家可归的穷人。他激动地说：“衣不蔽体的不幸的人们，无论你们在什么地方，都得忍受这样无情的暴风雨的袭击，你们的头上没有片瓦遮身，你们的腹中饥肠雷动，你们的衣服千疮百孔，怎么抵挡得了这样的气候呢？”这段话真实地揭示了圈地运动中失地农民流落异乡、饥寒交迫的惨状。

剧本还通过李尔王的小女儿考狄利娅等正面形象，宣扬了人和人应该和谐真诚、应该尊重人格、应该平等相待的人文主义思想。但李尔的疯狂致死、考狄利娅的被害和葛罗斯特的流浪等结局，又为作品抹上了浓重的忧郁色调。

《奥赛罗》中文简介：《奥赛罗》是以15世纪末叶赛浦路斯岛作为舞台的。奥赛罗是威尼斯公国一员勇将。他与元老的女儿苔丝狄梦娜相爱。但由于他是黑人，婚事未被允许。两人只好私下成婚。奥赛罗手下有一个阴险的旗官伊阿古，一心想除掉奥赛罗。他先是向元老告密，不料却促成了两人的婚事。他又挑拨奥赛罗与苔丝狄梦娜的感情，说另一名副将凯西奥与苔丝狄梦娜关系不同寻常，并伪造了所谓定情信物等。奥赛罗信以为真，在愤怒中掐死了自己的妻子。当他得知真相后，悔恨之余拔剑自刎，倒在了苔丝狄梦娜身边。

The four tragedies of Shakespeare, including" Hamlet,"" Othello"," King"," Mike white", the story is taken from the European historical legends.
莎士比亚四大悲剧，包括《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》，故事均取自欧洲的历史传说。
Hamlet is referred to as Hamlet, also known as the prince's revenge, William Shakespeare's famous tragedies, is Shakespeare 's most famous plays, in" Hamlet", revenge story of love hate feeling sorrow.
哈姆雷特简称Hamlet，又名王子复仇记，威廉·莎士比亚的著名悲剧之一，是莎士比亚最负盛名的剧本，在《哈姆雷特》中，复仇的故事中交织着爱恨情愁。
Othello" is to the end of the fifteenth Century Cyprus island as the stage. The protagonist Otero is a black moor, as the Venice army commander. He was listening to his words, killing the beautiful chaste wife Daisy de Mona. To understand the truth of the matter after the intersection, remorse, finally from the knife, follow wife in spring of.
《奥赛罗》是以15世纪末叶赛浦路斯岛作为舞台的。主角奥特罗是一位黑皮肤的摩尔人，担任威尼斯军的统帅。他因听信部下的谗言，杀死了美丽忠贞的妻子黛丝德莫娜。等到明白事情的真相后，悔恨交集，终于自刀，追随爱妻于黄泉下。

《哈姆雷特》：
《哈姆雷特》是由英国剧作家威廉·莎士比亚创作于1599年至1602年间的一部悲剧作品。戏剧讲述了叔叔克劳狄斯谋害了哈姆雷特的父亲，篡取了王位，并娶了国王的遗孀乔特鲁德；哈姆雷特王子因此为父王向叔叔复仇。
《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚所有戏剧中篇幅最长的一部， 也是莎士比亚最负盛名的剧本，具有深刻的悲剧意义、复杂的人物性格以及丰富完美的悲剧艺术手法，代表着整个西方文艺复兴时期文学的最高成就。
Hamlett is a tragic work written by William Shakespeare, an English playwright, from 1599 to 1602. Drama tells the story of Uncle Claudius J murdered Hamlett's father, usurped the throne, and married the widow of King Jo Trude; Prince Hamlett so for my father to my uncle revenge.
"Hamlett" is one of the longest of all Shakespeare's plays, Shakespeare is the most famous play, tragedy has profound meaning, complex characters and rich artistic perfect tragedy, represents the highest achievement of the Western Renaissance literature.
《奥赛罗》
是莎士比亚创作的四大悲剧之一，大约于1603年所写作的。作品讲述奥赛罗是威尼斯公国一员勇将。他与元老的女儿苔丝狄梦娜相爱。因为两人年纪相差太多，婚事未被准许。两人只好私下成婚。奥赛罗手下有一个阴险的旗官伊阿古，一心想除掉奥赛罗。他先是向元老告密，不料却促成了两人的婚事。他又挑拨奥赛罗与苔丝狄梦娜的感情，说另一名副将凯西奥与苔丝狄梦娜关系不同寻常，并伪造了所谓定情信物等。奥赛罗信以为真，在愤怒中掐死了自己的妻子。当他得知真相后，悔恨之余拔剑自刎，倒在了苔丝狄梦娜身边。
Osero is one of Shakespeare's four major tragedies, written around 1603.The work tells Osero Venice of a yongjiang. He fell in love with Tess de Mona, the daughter of the elder statesman. The marriage was not granted because the two were too old. The two had to marry in private. Osero had a sinister flag officer, Iagu, bent on getting rid of Osero. He first told the old man that he had made two marriages. He also provoke the feelings of Tess de Mona and Osero, said unusual another lieutenant Cassio and Desdemona, and forged a token of love. Osero in anger for gospel truth, strangled his wife. When he learned the truth, I pulled remorse commit suicide, Tess de Mona fell to the side.
《李尔王》
是莎士比亚创作的戏剧，是其四大悲剧之一。故事来源于英国的一个古老传说，故事本身大约发生在8世纪左右。后在英国编成了许多戏剧，现存的戏剧除莎士比亚外，还有一个更早的无名氏作品，一般认为莎士比亚的李尔王是改编此剧而创作的。故事讲述了年事已高的国王李尔王退位后，被大女儿和二女儿赶到荒郊野外，成为法兰西皇后的三女儿率军救父，却被杀死，李尔王伤心地死在她身旁。
Osero is one of Shakespeare's four major tragedies, written around 1603.
The work tells Osero Venice of a yongjiang. He fell in love with Tess de Mona, the daughter of the elder statesman. The marriage was not granted because the two were too old. The two had to marry in private. Osero had a sinister flag officer, Iagu, bent on getting rid of Osero. He first told the old man that he had made two marriages. He also provoke the feelings of Tess de Mona and Osero, said unusual another lieutenant Cassio and Desdemona, and forged a token of love. Osero in anger for gospel truth, strangled his wife. When he learned the truth, I pulled remorse commit suicide, Tess de Mona fell to the side.
《麦克白》
是英国剧作家莎士比亚创作的戏剧，创作于1606年。被公认为是威廉·莎士比亚的“四大悲剧”之一。《麦克白》的故事，大体上是根据古英格兰史学家拉斐尔·霍林献特的《苏格兰编年史》中的古老故事改编而成。《麦克白》讲述了利欲熏心的国王和王后对权力的贪婪，最后被推翻的过程。
"Macbeth" is a British playwright Shakespeare's drama creation in 1606. William Shakespeare is recognized as one of the four major tragedies. "The story is largely based on the ancient stories of ancient England historian Rafael Hollin Xian." Scotland Chronicle "in adapted. "Macbeth" tells the story of the king and queen reckless with greed greed for power, finally overthrown.