答:1.先行词任何时候都不在定语从句中作句子成分,因为它是被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。在定语从句中作成分的是关系代词和关系副词。
在定语从句中作定语的有关系代词whose 和which:
如:They lives in a room whose window opens to the south. 他们住在一间窗户朝南开的房间里。
a room 是先行词,它是in的宾语。in a room是主句中的状语。
whose window opens to the south. 是由关系代词whose引导的定语从句。其中的主语是whose window, whose 是window的定语。
关系代词多在从句中作主语或宾语(包括介词的宾语)但有时也可以作定语,意为“这个,那个)如:
He returned to his home village for 18 months, during which time he did most of the thinking that led to his later work on gravitation and optics.
during which time...... 是定语从句, which 是关系代词, 在从句中作定语修饰time,
(which time )一起作介词during的宾语, 介词短语during which time在定语从句中作时间状语
2.关系副词在定语从句中永远是作状语的。
1.当定语从句的关系代词为whose的时候,先行词在从句中充当定语
例如:The school whose style many people prefer is in Shanghai.
2.关系副词在定语从句中总是充当状语的。
例如:The days when we enjoyed ourselves have gone.
此句中关系副词when在从句中就充当时间状语。
你的提问就有问题哦,我来帮你学习这个定语从句的语法
1 定语从句的构成:先行词+关系词+定语从句
2 先行词可以是物也可以是人,关系词(连接主句和从句)可以是关系代词也可以是关系副词
现在我们讲定语从句中关系代词(有who,whom,which,that和whose)的用法,这些关系代词在从句中(记住是从句中)充当主语或宾语。(但是whose做定语)
例如:I like to find a friend who I can trust.(这是一个完整的句子,有主句和从句,主句为i like to find a friend,从句为who引导的句子即who i can trust,先行词在主句中找即是friend,在从句中把它变为正常语序为i can trust who,平常我们知道,trust sb.。sb.为宾语,则who引导的从句并且在从句中做宾语。当然了,指人时宾语最好用whom)
再例如:He is the man who taught me English.(先行词为the man,主句为he is the man,从句为who taught me English,who为从句的主语,所以who引导的定语从句中做的是主语)
现在我们讲定语从句中关系副词(when,where,why)的用法,这些词主要起着副词的作用,在定语从句中充当状语,记着不做主语或宾语。
例如:Do you know any place where i can buy grammar book(先行词为地方place,主句为do you know any place,从句为where i can buy grammar book,在从句中i can buy grammar book有主语 谓语 宾语,不缺少成分,则where引导的从句,在从句中做状语)
希望这些能指导你学习英语语法,这些都是基本的,关键还得你自己多看语法书,多分析句子,就不难学懂它,好好学吧